Diversity in Management Essay -- BTEC Business Marketing GCSE Coursewo

Assorted variety in Management Assorted variety in the executives, or scarcity in that department, is having a similar blend of ladies, blacks, and different minorities in the executives positions as there is in that nearby populace. What this paper will discuss is a portion of the realities that business should look with respect to differentiating there workforce and there the executives. Additionally, it will examine that while our workforce is getting progressively various, the upper and center administration of numerous organizations are most certainly not. We need to recollect that having broadened workforce isn't something an organization ought to have, really it is something that has occurred or is before long going to occur because of the way that we have an increasingly expanded populace. (Sutherland, 1996) This is the reason it is significant that we train our administration to manage this certainty. To the degree of the absence of assorted variety in the board, it is to some degree disturbing to see that while we have a fast increment in the decent variety of our populace on Long Island, and a truly expanded workforce, we don’t have very much broadened administration in many organizations on the island. On Long Island, 66% of the organizations reviewed related to an ongoing Newsday article have no blacks, Hispanics, or Asians at anything over the VP level. Likewise, of the considerable number of organizations overviewed just 13 percent of them said that they had more than one minority in their official suite. Likewise while ladies have seen an expansion that has in reality out numbered the quantity of men in proficient positions, ladies just record for a minor 10 percent of the all out number of official officials in the main 25 organizations on Long Island. While ladies are getting the worst part of the deal in the regard to occupations, ladies and different minorities are additionally not getting paid as much as men seem to be. Of the 500 most generously compensated officials on the island and sovereigns just 19 of them were female. That works out to be about 3.8 percent of the 500 officials. In the most generously compensated and the quickest developing kind of business which happens to be innovation, the board here is spoken to not exactly in some other sort of business. All ladies and most minorities barring Asian Americans hold not many to no occupations in this field incorporates the assembling of PCs, specialized gadgets, and different sorts of electronic gear. Alongside innovation, the stock business field and protections firms all al... ...at telecasters should now connect more into minority networks while employing new specialists. (www.diversityonline.com) While where has been some advancement in broadening our workforce and the board clearly we have far to go before the measure of minorities and ladies in a given neighborhood the measure of minorities and ladies in administrative jobs in a given organization. Tragically there is such an absence of decent variety provided that we keep on constraining the quantity of minorities in the executives positions and the quantity of minorities in a given network keep on ascending than organizations probably won't have the option to address the issues of their clients. That it is the reason it is basic that more organizations consolidate some type of a decent variety program. In the event that organizations don’t begin utilizing programs like this it won't just hurt that organization and network however it will likewise hurt the economy. Works Cited 1. www.diversiryonline.com. The Diversity Monitor, February 2000. 2. Gordon, Craig. Newsday Vol.60 No.219. Sunday, April 9, 2000 3. Sutherland, Tyler. April 1996, http://cctr.umkc.edu/wicc/wdpaper.html 4. The Workplace Diversity Initiative, http://www.shrm.org/decent variety/

Absolute Error or Absolute Uncertainty Definition

Total Error or Absolute Uncertainty Definition Total mistake or outright vulnerability is the vulnerability in an estimation, which is communicated utilizing the significant units. Also,â absolute mistake might be utilized to communicate the incorrectness in an estimation. Outright mistake might be called guess blunder. Supreme blunder is the contrast between an estimation and a genuine worth: E |x0 - x| Where E is outright mistake, x0 is the deliberate worth and x is the valid or genuine worth Why Is There Error? Blunder isn't a misstep. It basically mirrors the impediments of estimation instruments. For instance, in the event that you utilize a ruler to gauge a length, every tic on the ruler has a width. On the off chance that a separation falls between marks on the ruler, you have to evaluate whether the separation is more like one imprint than the other and by how much. This is blunder. A similar estimation might be taken on various occasions to measure the scope of the mistake. Outright Error Example On the off chance that an estimation is recorded to be 1.12 and the genuine worth is known to be 1.00 then the outright mistake is 1.12 - 1.00 0.12. On the off chance that the mass of an article is estimated multiple times with values recorded to be 1.00 g, 0.95 g, and 1.05 g, at that point the outright mistake could be communicated as/ - 0.05 g.

Word of the Week! Existential Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Existential Richmond Writing This word seems easy enough. The adjective refers to existence. That is, indeed, the earliest definition in The OED Online, of or relating to the existence of a thing. That sense goes back as far as the 17th Century. Outside of academia, one often encounters the word in the sense of being a matter of life or death. Ive heard   North Korean nuclear weapons, unmarked asteroids hurtling by the Earth, and slowly mounting climate change all referred to as existential threats to human civilization or even the survival of our species. If only, however, it were that stark. We would have a very short post indeed this week, but we can blame mid-20th-Century philosophers and writers for making matters existential so complex. Here the OED and other references take us into the realm of existential philosophy, or existentialism. If you have read the works of Sartre or Camus, you may consider it a gloomy school of thought. Read The Stranger, or any of American author Paul Bowles austere and beautiful fiction to encounter the core of existentialism: that humans are alone in an indifferent if not hostile universe. Our actions, while freely chosen on our parts, mean, finally, nothing. Yet an existentialist philosophy need not be so bleak. Ive been reading Mans Search For Meaning by Viktor Frankl, after running across the work as a reference in an article about the value of failure in learning. Frankl, an Austrian psychologist, not only survived Auschwitz and, almost as harrowing, a Bavarian concentration camp in the Second World Wars last months, but he practiced medicine in the latter camp. He had little to offer fellow prisoners aside from a few aspirin doled out by the SS and kind words. Despite contracting typhus, Frankl reconstructed a manuscript seized from him at Auschwitz. It contained a new system of psychology that Frankl called logotherapy. This was an existentialist form of therapy to address what the psychologist called the existential vacuum of modern life, where cultural traditions have waned and leisure time often results in mere boredom. Frankls theory and practice emphasize focusing on creating meaning in ones life and pursuing goals, even in the bleakest situations. Thats hardly gloomy, yet there too our word of the week speaks to the essentials of human existence. This blog will continue all summer, so nominate a word by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week  here. Images of Viktor Frankl, by Prof. Dr. Franz Vesely, and of Paul Bowles courtesy of Wikipedia.

High Education Is It Easy, Expensive And Confusing Process

Returning to school is never easy, it can be a scary, expensive and confusing process. For some individuals, the thought of continuing education can be outright overwhelming. St. Philip’s College (SPC) understands this and has made the path to higher education as easy and painless as possible. With online guides, supportive staff, and assorted degree options, taking the next step toward an education is a much less intimidating process. While it has not always been known by the same name since opening its doors in 1898, SPC has been a vital member of San Antonio’s higher education platform. As a member of the Alamo Community College network, SPC works with other schools to â€Å"help students succeed in acquiring the knowledge and skills needed in today s world.† With the addition of the Southwest Campus, SPC has been able to diversify the technical degrees offered without compromising the quality of education each student receives. With the guidance of experienced professors, hands on courses challenge students to develop skills required to compete in the industry. From an Associates of Arts in Business Administration to Associates of Applied Science in Welding, SPC has a wide variety of degrees to choose from. For students wanting to learn more about the aviation industry, Introduction to Aviation is a worthy starting point. Students are given â€Å"an overview of aviation maintenance, including the history of aviation, the mechanic s roles and duties, and nomenclature ofShow MoreRelatedMiddle Class And Minority Families1510 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture they desired, there was a huge group of people a new group of swindlers named subprime lenders could target. Because so many people saw home buying as a safe, long-term investment they could make towards the future they wanted, they became an easy target for a new group of swindlers later named subprime lenders. Financially illiterate and undereducated groups were easily convinced that putting every penny they had into a home was not only safe, but also what all successful people was doing.Read MoreThe Importance Of Higher Education1516 Words   |  7 PagesDuring high school, many students begin to debate the significance of a higher education and question the importance of obtaining a college degree. However, attaining a college education offers opportunities for graduates that can not be received without it. Unlike previous generations, students who graduate high school today are not able to acquire the several well-paying jobs that were once offered. Today, graduating college compares to the importance of graduating high school decades ago. AmericaRead MoreWedding Speech : A Wedding156 0 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In today s culture, people want things done fast and easy without complications, especially when it comes to special events. After getting engaged, brides today want to think about all of the details that go into planning a dream wedding. Unfortunately, in today’s very busy society, couples that decide to get married don t always have the time or the patience to plan a wedding. The popular thing to do now is not to simply plan your own wedding with family and friends, but insteadRead MoreDrugs Are A Very Controversial Topic Containing Many Grey1735 Words   |  7 Pagesgiven to one by their doctor. Others may say that drugs like anti-depressants are an acceptable addiction, however, drugs such as heroine are not. There are others that advocate for all drugs to be legal so that it can become a safe and regulated process, but questions arise on whether that would help or hurt the drug users and the community surrounding them. A drug addiction can happen to anyone, whether it b e needing to take a medication daily for psychological reasons or happening to be at theRead MoreCase Study Analysis Callaway Golf Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesfacilities. Their approach toward innovation and technology provided a cutting edge against the other competitors in the market. The way Callaway was able to continue their differentiation features was through their highly skilled R D. This was expensive which is why many companies choose not to compete in the area of differentiation. Over a five year period it spent $36.3 million on R D alone. Revolutionary unanswered question approach produced true market drivers in S2H2, Big Bertha, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On The Fashion Industry1621 Words   |  7 Pagesgroup of high-school women who have attempted suicide are girls who consider themselves overweight (Kilbourne, 2000). Another survey reported that 81% of 10-year-old girls feared being fat (R, 2015). The role that this image projects can also harm young girls financially. Young girls who read these magazines are inclined to search for products and procedures that promise results regardless of the future financial burden. Desperation to fit this standard can motivate women to undergo expensive proceduresRead MoreThe Common Core Standards Of The United States1912 Words   |  8 PagesEducation has been changing and developing for centuries, and with change comes differing of opinions. The Common Core standards are the most recent attempt to educate the best students in the United States. Although teachers at schools implementing Common Core are learning new methods of teaching, the standards do not dictate what approach they should take; these standards are what students should comprehend and be able to do by the end of the term or scholastic year. Provided that students areRead MoreApple Marketing Plan - Individual Essay2007 Words   |  9 Pagessegmentation-targeting-positionin g process on the case of newest mass product of Apple – iPad. It is focused on specific nature of iPAd, segment between established market segments – cell phones of third generation and notebooks/laptops. Further iPad is direct competitor to eBook readers as well as competitor to some of the products from Apple portfolio, like iPods of different kinds. Key words: Apple, iPad, strategy, STP INTRODUCTION This essay giving short overview of STP process and analyze as muchRead MoreAdvantages and Cost of Adoption in Australia of International Financial Reporting Standards (Ifrss)1907 Words   |  8 Pagesexisting arrangements for accounting standard setting are confusing, inefficient and not conductive to stakeholder participation 2. There is duplication between the AASB and PSASB 3. Australian Accounting Standards are not understood in, and are out of step with, the major capital markets in the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and Europe, resulting in higher costs of capital for Australian Business 4. The standards setting process is perceived to be dominated by the accounting professionRead More Divorce: A Global Problem Essays2053 Words   |  9 Pages† This allows both partners to end the divorce respectfully. It also allows the process of the divorce to move faster. â€Å"This type of divorce does not necessarily mean that both couples have agreed with everything regarding their divorce† (Divorce Staff 2). When the couple get to this point they need to set aside their differences, so they can come to a compromise otherwise the divorce will become more expensive and easier compared to having to setup scheduled hearings with representatives that

Binge Eating Disorder - 1787 Words

Introduction Through time, the definition of the word ‘binge has evolved to mean different things altogether. In the 70s, people binge when they go on a drunken spree. (The American Heritage Dictionary) Today, people binge when they overindulge, not in alcoholic beverages, but in food. Many like to use this word trivially, to describe an episode of slight overeating. There are some, however, who cannot afford to see binging as an insignificant rise in food intake. When they binge, these people gorge and find themselves losing control over the amount of food they consume. They are the people who suffer from the binge-eating disorder. (Fairburn, 1995) What is Binge-Eating Disorder? Binge-eating disorder is a common illness that faced†¦show more content†¦They also tend to consume a lot of what we call ‘fattening foods, foods that carry the social stigma of ‘junk or ‘bad foods, such as ice cream, cookies, sweets, potato chips, and other snacks (Wardlaw Smith, 2006). Studies have shown too, that people with binge-eating disorder consume significantly more meat than (those) without binge-eating disorder. (Cooke et al, 1996) As can be gathered from these food choices, and was scientifically tested, people with binge-eating disorder consume a greater percentage of energy as fat, and a lesser percentage of as protein than those without this eating disorder (Yanovski et al, 1992). Each of these factors can lead to unhealthy weight gain, which explains the commonness of obesity among bingers. Apart from obesity, patients with binge-eating disorder are also generally poor in health. They are reported to have poorer functioning and lower scores on all six scales of the General Health Survey. (Bulik Kjennerud, 2003) Findings go on to show that there is an increased prevalence of joint pain, headaches, gastrointestinal problems, menstrual problems, shortness of breath, chest pain, and Type II diabetes among them. (Bulik Kjennerud, 2003) Bingers also suffer from sleeping problems; Statistics show that they are seven times more likely to experience sleeping difficulties than thoseShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders And The Binge Eating Disorder1578 Words   |  7 PagesBinge Eating â€Å"My heart beat faster, and I began taking bigger and bigger bites. In a matter of minutes, I had eaten two more pieces of pecan pie, two pieces of cherry pie, six Christmas cookies, ten chocolate candies, then a bowlful of cereal. While I was eating, I felt as though an intruder had taken over my body. But when I finished the last bowl, my senses returned a little and I felt the first agonizing twinge of guilt for what I had done. I felt like I was in a dream. I still couldn’t quiteRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder And Obesity1248 Words   |  5 PagesBinge eating disorder, also known as BED or compulsive overeating, is a serious disorder that is characterized by a recurrent, irresistible urge to overindulge or binge on food even when you are painfully full. We reveal how and why it becomes a problem, and what you can do about it. It is normal to overeat from time to time, but when it comes to binge eating, the urge is persistent and seemingly uncontrollable, and is usually accompanied by feelings of shame and guilt. Binge eating disorder, justRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder ( Bed )1245 Words   |  5 PagesBinge eating disorder (BED) is an eating disorder that is characterized by recurrent binge eating, without the use of compensatory behaviors such as purging, as seen in those with bulimia (Striegel-Moore Franko, 2003). Anyone can over eat from time to time, it is excessive and out of control overeating that crosses the line towards BED. Those who binge eat are known to have a variety of health problems, both mentally and physically. The chronic, recurrent bingeing associated with BED has beenRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder ( Bed )1453 Words   |  6 PagesBinge Eating Disorder Binge eating disorder (BED) is a psychiatric condition characterized by the consumption of large quantities of food in a specific amount of time, and feeling out of control while eating. BED also involves feelings of guilt and shame after binging but is not accompanied by compensatory behaviors, such as purging or vomiting. Binge eating is described by â€Å"eating at a fast pace, eating until feeling uncomfortably full, eating when not feeling hungry, eating alone to hide the amountRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder Essay examples939 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, binge eating is defined as uncontrolled compulsive eating, especially as a symptom of bulimia or binge eating disorder(BED). Individuals, who suffer from a (BED), usually, consume, abnormally large amounts of food, quickly. The condition causes sufferers to eat until they are painfully full. we live in a society that accepts encourages overindulging . Therefore, there are probably several occasions on which we eat more than we shouldRead MoreEffects Of Binge Eating On Eating Disorders969 Words   |  4 PagesPurging Disorder is characterized by recurrent purging (self -induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas) to control weight or shape in the absence of binge eating episodes. (Forney, Haedt-Matt, Keel, 2014) There are many behaviors associated with purging disorder such as binge eating which leads to loss of control, or overeating in anorexia nervosa. (Goldschmidt et al., 2015) Sociocultural and psychiatric fac tors are also believed to be important in the subject of weight concernsRead MoreCauses And Treatments Of Binge Eating Disorder922 Words   |  4 Pagessound fun to you? Life is difficult without having an eating disorder. Growing up eating everything I could get my hands on caused health problems for me now that I am older. Binge eating and anorexia are serious eating disorders that cause physical, behavioral, and psychological problems. The most common disorder is binge eating. Binge eating disorder (BED) is consuming large quantities of food in a short period of time. People find that over eating is a comfort zone for them. The problems AmericansRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder ( Bed )913 Words   |  4 PagesThe three nationally recognized eating disorders are identified as Bulimia Nervosa, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge-Eating Disorder. Eating disorders, although stereotypically viewed as a lifestyle choice, is a serious and often fatal illness that not only cause severe eating disturbances, but adverse psychological and physiological environments for the individual (National Institute of Mental Health, 2006). These disorders typically develop in the mid-to-late teen years and often carry out into earlyRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder ( Bed )1948 Words   |  8 PagesBinge Eating disorder (BED) is another wised specified eating disorder disease, it is a serious condition characterised by uncontrollable eating, with t he result of weight gain. Regular episode of binge eating are one of the most important symptoms, in fact, patient with BED usually consume a lot amount of food even if there are not hungry. Regular weight control methods or to be on diets are not typical behaviours, as well the purging by vomiting or using of laxatives. The absence of these symptomsRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder ( Bed )2041 Words   |  9 PagesBinge Eating disorder (BED) is another wide specified eating disorder disease, it is a serious condition characterised by uncontrollable eating which leads to weight gain in people (Argas al., 1997). They are regular episodes of BED, and the most important symptoms you often find in patients is consuming a lot of food regardless of if they are hungry or not, they also tend to watch their weight by dieting, as well as vomiting or using laxatives. The absence of purging by vomiting or using laxatives

Find Out Who is Discussing International Repatriation Artifacts Essay Samples and Why You Need to Be Concerned

Find Out Who is Discussing International Repatriation Artifacts Essay Samples and Why You Need to Be Concerned It could undergo distinctive modifications, but individuals will nonetheless adore it. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. I wished to encourage students to think of their personal cultural identity in a secure environment. Turn to your family members to learn more regarding your background. A lot of unique tribes have a prospective interest in the remains. Many influential artists were coming up with diverse drawings and writings regarding beautiful women which were seen in the majority of streets. I think it would still be transferred across generations effectively. International Repatriation Artifacts Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained Arguments over repatriation can on occasion find violent. They are a number of other slave narratives that highlight a religious conversionthose narratives are found inside this book. In terms of items obtained during colonial eras outside of instances of confiscation by looting, violence or theft as stated over the question is more difficult to reply. The growth of conventional American drawings and writings resulted in the discovery of the lovely form of the bottle and the maturation of the refreshing drink. Moreover, man-made objects of contemporary society are also cultural artifacts like in an anthropological context, television is employed as an artifact of contemporary culture. This is since it is almost not possible to continue to keep tabs with ever emerging inventions on earth. Also many unique versions are produced but this one might be the fifth generation. Whether an item needs to be returned to its country of origin may look like an easy question to reply. I think that Bell's method needs to be utilized in several of the arguments about the repatriation of an artifact. Perhaps the most important thing is these items will need to get protected and studied. This artifact represents my job as a military relative. It's therefore ambiguous and confusing that one cannot tell the goal of such sterling piece of art. It's great to have things written down on paper or any place besides keeping it in your thoughts. There isn't any reason to think that people elsewhere aren't curious concerning the world. That is something which only we understand. We would like to learn something about your background that's not readily apparent. International Repatriation Artifacts Essay Samples Explained A priest might be summoned to conduct the burial services. Likewise it is going to take some time for you to finish the procedure for cultural readjustment to your culture of origin. The very first essay was about our private artifact. I would make certain to take into consideration the market I am monitoring and be certain the data provided is comparable data. They don't collect and assess the exact same information are more developed nations and help it become tricky to compare data. Focus on how knowing this info is significant it's not merely a story. The info collected is contingent on the culture and government in the nation. The One Thing to Do for International Repatriation Artifacts Essay Samples There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Thus, you have to readjust at the emotional heights of change to be able to be culturally readjusted to the house culture. A speech that meets, but does not go past the minimal requirements listed above will get a C. This distinct current event spoke of an organization that was in need of a loan to remain in business. Inte rnational Repatriation Artifacts Essay Samples Options It is possible to also acquire several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. The businesses can take many distinct actions for a prosperous repatriation practice. They support the expatriates in locating the ideal position about them upon their return. Before departure, these things can help enhance the procedure for repatriation.

Human Population free essay sample

In todays society there are many economic problems, such as pollution, global warming. and overpopulation. These problems have taken a toll on the environment. and its resources. Although all of these issues have an impact on our society, overpopulation stands to have the greatest Impact on our environment, due to the large masses of people and the limited resources. There are many solutions to this problem but the common factor Is the human race. The human race has to put controls In place and take care ot the environment, so the required resources do not become extinct. What causes Overpopulation? Overpopulation is excessive human population in an area to the point of overcrowding, depletion of natural resources and environmental deterioration (Dictionary. com, 2009). Right now there Is estimated to be 6. 765 billion people In the world. Based on several causes of overpopulation this number Is expected to increase to 8. 9 billion by 2050. These tour causes are the decline in death, the rise in birth rate, migration and lackof education. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Population or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The death rate is low because science middle of paper s to limit Its resources, decrease waste by recycling and decrease the birth rate. The planet Is worth It for generations to come. We need to continue to Improve resource efficiency and pollution control so that standards of living can rise without negative impact and keep human population to numbers that are sustainable. http://www. booksaboutthefuture. com/problems-of-overpopulation. htm Tribes of the Orange Sun, problems of overpopulation http://www. assoclatedcontent. com The Problem of Over-population November 30, 2007 by Birdie We are burdensome to the world, the resources are scarcely adequate for us. Tertullian, a philosopher from the third century had said this about our world when he population was mere 200 million. This statement can be taken two different ways. The first would be to think that our resources are limited and we need to be worried. The second would be to say people have been worried about overpopulation forever but everything seems to have worked out. Now there may only be two sides to Tertullians statement but the Issue he touches base wi th certainly can be extended beyond that. Overpopulation is a complicated matter and there seems to be no real solution. There is no doubt that there are many people inhabiting this earth, but the eal question is f too many of us is a real threat to humanity. And f it is, what do we do about it? Let the debate begim Many people believe that unless some sort of population control is put into place, we are all doomed. Stephen Rooney Is not one of tnose people. Not only does states that this ne not Delleve we n population control, out ne also other countries realize that this proposed solution may work, the overpopulation problem will continue to be an issue. Overpopulation and the debate of population control will continue to go on as the earth continues to age. Whether or not this issue will continue to be ignored or not remains to be seen. Many people see this growth as a threat while others interpret it a different way. But with people out there as concerned as they are, and with our resources running shorter every day, eventually a solution may have to be put into place. Overpopulation in the United States The world is being over populated with humans not only in China but in the United States of America as well. The problem isnt as obvious in the United States as in other countries, but I believe over-populated nations will soon become a problem verywhere in the world. Population is not a bad thing in all situations, but I think that our population growth problem is un-healthy and needs to slow down. I believe there are several ways to come about this problem as well. Population can be slowed down in many ways; its Just how we choose to execute this problem. I do not think drastic measurements need to take place in order to slow down our rapid growth in the United States. Regulations and higher immigration standards need to take place. The population problem began in China in 1940, when there were about 540 million eople living in China. Then, by 1970, the population Jumped to about 850 million people. Everyone feared the population problem would get worse, and lead to starvation riots and political instability. The government had to for the future we will be better off in the long run. China had this problem and they over came it, so when the problem occurs in the United States I think we can over come it.

Key to Success free essay sample

The Importance of Hard Work That hard work is a key to success is a well-known adage. Parents, teachers as well as others guide a child to work hard so that he can achieve good scores, though a little bit of luck plays a positive role but I believe that hard work is the key to success. In fact if only luck is to be considered, no one would work but just wait till their lick shines up. But this is not the case. Today we see that technology has improved to such an extent that a person can have a lunch in Paris and a dinner in New York on the same day.There lies great contribution from people like the Wright brothers and Henry Ford to invent these means of transportation, which were the result of their hard-work and great efforts. If these people had waited for the D-day probably we could still have been using fire and wood to cook instead of using electrical ovens, and the globalization would not have taken effect. We will write a custom essay sample on Key to Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A person can excel in his career due to hard work. If he sits at home, no one would offer him a job unless he initiates the job searching process.Also if you are working in a company you will be promoted only because of working hard: luck does not lie in the picture. A student stands out firstly only if he studies hard. Many students after the graduation say that probably they were not luck enough to get good marks, or the evaluators must have marked their papers strictly. But again these are merely reasons that can’t be given preference. Today a young individual has the potential to do something and crave in reaching a particular acme.There is, after all no substitute for hard work, and as Henry Ford says, â€Å"The harder you work, the luckier you get† – the more successful you get! How do you overcome success? Intense hard work along with great skills shall help you win one success after another. There shall be innumerable obstacles strewn in your path towards success, however, what makes a man truly worthy of the success that he attains is the ability to keep struggling until he can reach his goal.Giving up after a few failed attempts makes you a loser. A truly successful man will keep trying and keep struggling until he perfects his art. Thomas Edison failed approximately 10,000 times while he was working on the light bulb and yet he never dreamed of giving up – this is the hard work and the determination that marks a true success. Indeed, success is not measured by the position that you are in, today but the amount of hard work you put in and the number of obstacles that you overcome to reach your goal.Why work hard, if there are shortcuts? The good thing about working hard is, that for people who are driven towards their goal can enjoy their hard work and consequently, the work does not seem unduly grueling to them. When you begin to work hard towards achieving success, make sure to work smartly too. An intelligent working technique, along with relentless effort will go a long way in helping you achieve the success that you always desired. Nothing in this world comes easily, least of all, success. Take the example of Abraham Lincoln who worked hard, without ever getting disappointed of his countless failures, from the age of 21 till the age of 52, when he went on to become the President of the US. Again, it took Noah Webster 36 years to compile his Websters Dictionary. Where would we be today if he had not put in those countless hours of hard work behind his grand contribution to the English language? Therefore, you need to remember that there are no short cuts to success. Hard work, complimented with an intense desire to struggle and to achieve success is the only sure shot way of reaching success that you have always wanted. Key to Success free essay sample Key to success To be or not to be, that Is a question. To succeed or to fall? How to succeed and how to achieve? These problems confuse many teenagers In nowadays. We all have dreams, and we all work hard to realize them. But there will always be some problems and setbacks to stop the pace of advance. When they appear, what should we do? To stop or to go on? Mrs.. Curie told us the answer. We all know that Mrs.. Curie discovered radium, but how many people really know how hard she worked?At hat time, there were many people disapprove of Mrs.. Curie. Although she got over hundreds of difficulties, she still believed in herself and never gave up. Finally, she succeeded to discover radium. She proved that she was right by her continuous hard work and her strong spirit. We should learn from Mrs.. Curie. She told us the truth through her own experiences that believe in yourself, you can do it! Never give up, face the difficulties with a smile, someday, you will be proud of yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on Key to Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The key to success is confidence. It makes you brave, helps you get over the troubles, and brings motivation to you. For example, somebody always get nervous when they have an important speech, If they are In a nervous mood, the results are always terrible. But If they are confident to themselves, the results turn out to be better. Therefore, be confident, believe In yourself, keep smile In your face when comes to difficulties, and you will achieve more.

Securities Exchange Act 1934 Essays

Securities Exchange Act 1934 Essays Securities Exchange Act 1934 Essay Securities Exchange Act 1934 Essay The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 JFM GM520 Legal Political Ethical Dimensions of Business April, 12 2010 The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was passed by congress to strengthen the government’s control of the financial markets. It was preceded by the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 which was enacted during the Great Depression in hopes that the stock market crash of 1929 would not be repeated. The basic difference between the two acts was that the 1933 Act was to govern the original sales of securities by requiring that the issuers, the companies offering the securities, offer up sufficient information about themselves and the securities so that the potential buyers could make informed decisions. The 1934 Act was aimed at the secondary market where buyers don’t buy from the issuer but instead from other investors (Security, 2010). The 1934 Act also required more disclosures from issuers and was enacted to prevent unfair practices at the various exchanges as well as giving the authority of the exchange to the Securities and Exchange Commission which was one of the many administrative agencies set up by the New Deal ideology of Franklin D Roosevelt (Securities, 2003). A major part of 1934 Act is that it required any issuer with over $10 million in assets and 500 or more shareholders to register its stock with the SEC. With this registration came additional required filings such as the 10-Q form, a quarterly financial report, 10-K form, a yearly financial report, as well as an 8-K form used for reporting unusual events, an example of which would be a merger or takeover (Jennings 742). The 1934 Act seems to be an ever changing document as it has been amended by Congress many times through the years. It is due to the need to remedy any new issues that arise whether through technology or new security devices. This paper will focus on two specific sections of the 1934 Act. The first area that I will focus on is Section 10(b) with Rule 10b-5 and the second area that I will focus on is Section 16(b). These sections deal with the antifraud, insider trading and short swing profit issues associated with the trading of securities. Section 10(b) of 1934 Act acts as the insider trader and anti-fraud provision of the act. It was set up to dissuade fraud in the securities market. As example of which would be where sellers might withhold information that should be public and by doing so having an effect on the price. The application of this section is broad as it applies to all the different types of securities for trade. Examples are public, private, over-the-counter and exempt. The only prerequisite for this provision to be in effect is that the transaction must have an interstate commerce connection (Jennings 742). Since in today’s business almost all transactions take place over the internet or via telephone, it would not be very difficult for the Commission to use this provision to bring action against a company or person in violation. One reason for section 10(b) to be included in the 1934 Act was the damage to the market in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s caused by pools. Pools were devices used by certain groups of investors to run up the prices of certain stocks by collectively engaging in well timed transactions. The group would then dump their stocks just before the stock price dropped. Section 10(b) contains provisions to prohibitive this type of deceptive behavior (Securities – Securities.. , 2010). This type of behavior led to the writing of Rule 10b-5: Employment of Manipulative and Deceptive Practices. It basically states that it is against the law to use any scheme to defraud, make any untrue or misleading statements or engage in any course of business that defrauds by the means of interstate commerce (Jones, 2009). Corporations can be in violation of section 10(b) when they fail to disseminate material information about the company, its performance or its future. This applies for both positive and negative information. The SEC promulgated a new rule in 2000 known as Regulation FD that states that this information must be made available at the same time to everyone. Material information has been determined to be any type of information that would affect the buying or selling decision of a security (Jennings 743). A pending takeover or a possible lawsuit is an example of material information. By not abiding to this provision, companies can have charges brought up by the SEC. A person can be in violation of section 10(b) in multiple ways. If one of the sides of a security sale knows non-public information about the security and the sale proceeds then that person has violated section 10(b). If an owner of shares misleads the buyer by giving false statements then that seller is in violation also. Another example of a violation of section 10(b) is when churning occurs. This is when securities are bought and sold repeatedly to give the appearance of activity (Jennings 743). This is similar to what the â€Å"pools† did during the Great Depression. There are often many different types of people who are covered by section 10(b) of the 1934 Act. Two of interest are insiders and tippees. The term Insider refers to corporate executives who often have access to non-public company information. The term Tippee generally refers to the relatives, friends or acquaintances of insiders from whom they receive this insider information. If the insider just passed on the information to a tippee and that person acted on this information and made an unfair transaction then the SEC and courts will find the insider just as culpable as the tippee and will prosecute both parties under section 10(b) (Securities – Securities†¦, 2010). I find this to be quite an interesting fact. The insiders need to be very careful what they discuss outside of the office. Violations of section 10(b) can happen due to timing. The textbook discusses how some insiders and tippees involved with a company named Texas Gulf Sulphur, back in 1968, were in violation because they bought stocks too quickly after a press conference announcing the discovery of minerals. They made purchases by telephone faster than the information was disseminated to the public. The SEC found them in violation due to timing only, but that was enough to be considered guilty (Jennings 746). It’s important to keep in mind that this violation would be much less likely to happen today because of the technology surrounding the security exchange. Funny enough, the telephone would probably be considered slower than the internet based transactions that are very common today. A trend that has recently emerged as a violation of section 10(b) is the use of the internet to engage in pumping and dumping. Although not a new concept, the internet has been used to increase the effect because of its ability to disperse particular company information very quickly in order to affect stock prices. Persons initiating this deceptive behavior can sell their stocks for profit once they see that the changes to price have occurred. This type of behavior is considered fraud since it is a manipulation of company information for profit. An example of this would be if a group of people collaborated to spread false information on a financial blog or website in the hopes that the price would fluctuate enough to make large profits in a short amount of time. They use the anonymity of the web to attempt this. (Security, 2010) Convictions of violations of section 10(b) can not be based on negligence. It must be based on a person’s intent to defraud. This intent to defraud is known in investment circles as scienter. Penalties for 10(b) violations have been getting stiffer in recent times in attempts to curb the behavior. Violations can carry up to 25 years in prison in addition to monetary penalties depending on the severity and extent of the crime. Corporate financial officers can have additional penalties due to the ease of access to company insider information. If they are found to be in violation and bonuses were found to be paid out as a result of false information, then the bonus money must be returned to the company. If this person attempts to file bankruptcy to avoid paying the money back they will discover that it’s a lifetime obligation in the eyes of the government (Jennings 749). So anxious is the Securities Exchange Commission to prosecute these violations, that it has amended the 1934 Act through passage of additional laws such as the Sarbanes Oxley Act and the 1988 Act as well as working with the American Bar Association in order the strengthen their control. Whistleblowers who report violations can be rewarded with up to 10 percent of the recovered monies in a violation. These whistleblowers are now protected from retaliation and /or termination when they are aiding in a prosecution case as well. Lawyers are now not bound by attorney-client privilege when securities fraud is involved because the ABA amended their code of ethics in 2003 (Jennings 749). Section 16 of the 1934 Act is the liability section that deals with the stock trading by corporate insiders. An insider in this case is defined as an officer, director or a ten percent or more shareholder. Section 16(b) requires these insiders to report any sales and purchases of company stock. These transactions are tracked and during a six month period of time the SEC determines the profits taken. These profits are known as short-swing profits. The amount of the profit is calculated by matching the highest sale with the lowest purchase and the amount profited must be returned to the company. The rationale behind this is that the SEC has to assume that the person used a certain amount of insider information when making the decision to buy or sell stock (Jennings 750). This is in essence just keeping a tab on their actions. This also applies to stock options used as compensation to many executives at large corporations. These options have been troublesome to manage over the last few years and have caused the demise of some companies so many have changed to offering special classes of stock instead (Jennings 750). The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is a very broad law that I would imagine is very difficult to learn completely. I have learned a lot from writing this paper and I can truly appreciate the reason for its enactment. There so many ways for manipulations of the market in today’s world. The technology in place to keep track of the massive amount of transactions must be incredibly complex. I am sure that there will be future amendments created to enforce new more creative ways to manipulate the system for illegal profits. Jennings, Marianne Moody. The Legal, Ethical and Global Environment of Business. Ohio: South-Western, 2009. Jones, Ronald. â€Å"Securities Exchange Act of 1934. † Securities Lawyer’s Deskbook. 1998-2009. The University of Cincinnati College of Law. April 4, 2010. law. uc. edu/CCL/34Act/index. tml Securities and Exchange Commission. The American Economy: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2003. Credo Reference. Web. April 5 2010. Securities – Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Web. April 5,  2010   http://law. jrank. org/pages/10097/Securities-Securities-Exchange-Act-1934. html. Security. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010. Web. April 4,  2010   http ://search. eb. com/eb/article-27311. [ 1 ]. (footnote continued)

Intellectual property problems between Apple and Samsung Research Paper

Intellectual property problems between Apple and Samsung - Research Paper Example For Samsung, it has been through thepatentinfringementsuits. Theapplecompanyis situated in the United States whereas Samsung is from South Korea. AppleCompany hadseveralways and differenttheories of Infringement andthejuryhadnoanyotheroptionother than presentingall of them. Patentlitigation is between Apple and Samsung andthese has gottenmuchattention from themedia, investors andmany industrialexecutives. Apple has all through claimedthat Samsung hadcopied their iPhone. Thecaseallbegan January 2007 whenthe iPhone wasbeenintroduced in theworldmarket. Theapple companyfiledthesuite four days before therelease of the iPhone. Among themany Apples graphical user interfaces, Apple gotinterested in one of theintellectualproperties that were to be used against the Samsung Company. 15th April 2011 a complaintwasfiled in the District Court forthenorthern District of California in the United States. Applestillmaintainedthat there wasinfringement on their intellectualproperty. Applesubmittedallthe data thattheyhad towards Samsung using their sameproducts as part of their data. Theywent through theprocess by comparingthesimilarities of their products with that of the Samsung(New York: Cengage Learning, Copyright, 2012) On 22nd April 2011 Samsung wentaheadanddidthesamethingthat Apple haddoneandfileda complaint in courts in Seoul which is its capitalcity andtheyalsofiledanothercomplaint in Mannheim, Germany.Theymadeallegationsthat Apple hadinfringed its patents. Samsung filed five patentinfringements. August 2012 thejudgeswhowere to presidethecase that hadbeenfiled by Samsung and after reviewing thecaseallthejudgescame up with severaldecisions(New Jersey : MIT Press. Copyright,2011) pg. 134.The overall decisionwasthat Apple hadinfringed two Samsungs technology patents. Theyalsoconcludedthat Samsung hadonlyviolated one Apples patent. Thecourtalsodeniedtheallegationsthat Samsung hadcopiedthedesigns of the iPad and the iPhone.

Role of Multinationals on Productivity of Firms Essay

Role of Multinationals on Productivity of Firms - Essay Example A benchmark model to contrast income from local and multinational corporations is an insight to the contribution of multinational corporations on technology spillovers that benefit local firms. However, results from the case study's contribution of multinationals on growth of firms are quite confusing with both positive and negative contributions. Pertinent questions on the issue of technological advancements attributed to multinationals perturb the numerous stakeholders in this field. Uncertainties lie on whether the technology can be used effectively, competition and the market success of the new technology (Kafouros, 2008). There is evidence of recent appraisal for multinationals with hostilities based on factors such as globalization (Gorg and Greenway, 2004). The caveat of bipartite connection of multinationals and positive effects is always present. Some authors state that these are just effects from subsidiary factors such as inflation tax, currency stability and difficulties by most communities to embrace change (Reinert, Tajan & Glass, 2008). Technology transfer and multinationals Theoretically, the fact that competitive edge given by technological superiority not only improves a firm’s productivity, but also its general economic performance is widely accepted. Kafouros (2008) looks at technology transfer to encompass techniques involving the use of better machinery. This definition is quite constrictive and does not give better insight to the varied advantages of multinationals in technology transfer. A more knowledgeable and pedagogical approach interfaces this concept with innovative organizational, technological, managerial as well as more efficient production processes. More striking, is its recent contribution to globalization and an increase in demand for better produce by consumers. Technology in this context can be looked at in the essence of a form of embodiment. It can be looked at as general information, specific information, practic e and hardware. General information involves conceptual know how on a method of operation or system. For example; learning how to operate machinery. Specific information is just as the title explains; it involves details on the whole process of a technology. For instance, information on what a software is made of, how it operates, in what instances it is used and for what purpose. Procedures are codified instructions in the operations of a certain technology. Lastly, hardware involves information in physical form for example a piece of equipment originating from the source of technology. These technology transfers are usually obtained from spill over channels (Gorg & Greenway, 2004). Imitation, competition, exports and skills acquisition from multinationals are said to be ways of improving productivity. Imitation was successfully used in most Asian countries and Latin America in the manufacturing industry (Aitken & Harrison, 1999, 618). This is more of the transfer of knowledge and should not be confused with replication (Gorg & Greenway, 2004). As noted by Freeman and Shaw (2009), the complexity of a process in conjunction with duration of exposure, greatly determine imitation. Research done by Freeman and Shaw (2009) shows that the presence of multinationals in Japan was an insight to the country’s initial engagement in exportation. The sentiments are shared by other scholars such as Grog & Greenway (2004) who state

Observation, Assessment and Planning Cycle in Childcare

Observation, Assessment and Planning Cycle in Childcare Gurcharan Pall Explain the observation, assessment and planning cycle. The process of effective planning observation and assessment is a vital factor in identifying children’s individual needs interests and abilities. In order to plan for their learning and development. This process has been recommended by Early Years (2013) and this involves the practitioners following a three step cycle which consists of planning, observation, and assessment. The practitioner will discuss each stage of the cycle and its practical application to the child’s individual needs. Every child whatever their background or circumstances has the right to support, which they need to enjoy and achieve and make a positive contribution. (Every Child Matters 2003.) With the use of planning observation and assessment the practitioner can support the learning and development requirements for each child in their care. The cycle follows three steps. STEP 1 PLANNING Planning every area of learning and development is important to ensure the child`s achievement The Practitioner should follow identified observation and assessment of the child through relevant play through a range of mixed adult –led and child initiated activities. Step 2 Observation The second stage is of observation which looks at the part of process that helps practitioners learn about the individual children .Observation may also identify the delayed areas of the child’s development which would signal that additional support may be required. A good point. There are two types of observations which are formal and spontaneous. More information can be collected from spontaneously observing the child, as without prior warning, the child will be playing naturally. Formal observation may find the child nervous and self-conscious and they may not play or interact, therefore no observation can then take place. Formal observation is more directed towards observing the child’s development of a particular task/skill or the child understands and knowledge. Step 3 ASSESSMENT Assessment plays an important part in helping parents, carers and practitioners to recognise children’s progress, understand their needs and to plan activities and support† (Early Years 2013) The two types of assessment use are; formative assessment and summative assessment. Firstly formative assessment is an on-going children’s assessment. (CHILD DEVELOPMENT) This is gone by the practitioner observing the child on a regular basis for example playtime on a weekly basis. The second assessment is the summative assessment and this is the evidence that is collected though the formative assessment over a period of time. These assessments are used to review the development progress of children against meowed development on milestones REF For example, the child is formatively assessed a weekly basis dewing play and building blocks. The summative assessment will be that the child’s development has improved, as the child can now not only connect the building blocks together but over a period of time the building blocks have progressed and the child can now build wall’s to make a building. There are showing their development. EFFECTIVE PLANNING (WRITE IN ESSAY FORM) > is based on regular, a curate assessment of children’s learning, Knowledge and skills > reflects supports and challenges children’s current interest, Enthusiasms and their learning and development > is a flexible, working document, which is responsive to spontaneous events > enables all practitioners to contribute, understand and articulate why experiences have been planned > enables children, parents and practitioners to have a voice in the planning process PLANNING IN PRACTICE- KEY ELEMENTS; Provide opportunities for individual children’s emerging needs, interests and stage of development based on previous observations and evaluations Identify appropriate links between experiences and EYFS development statements (learning intentions) Provide interesting and challenging experiences for all children within the seven areas of learning and development Outdoor activities are planned and taken on a daily basis Identifies differentiation for individual children or groups of children Provides a range of child initiated and adult-led experiences Identify high quality teaching strategies’ together with support and intervention that mach individual children’s needs (next steps) to ensure good progress Evaluate planned and unplanned learning Reflect on learning environment to adapt and enhance provision DESCRIBE HOW TO DEVELOP PLANNING FOR INDIVIDUAL CHILDREN Planning when being arranged should be flexible to take into account different age group children`s different background the weather and the unexpected. The child`s planning should be based upon your assessment and observation of the individual child so you can take the best steps for their further learning and development. The Development Matters guidance is and can be a very useful tool in planning successfully the child`s ability to move on to the next stage of development. There are 3 steps of planning. Long term. Providing you with themes and topics you may cover over the term. All links to learning and development areas, a balance of indoor, and outdoor activities. Periods of rest and being quite are also required. Medium term. A better detailed plan of topics and themes to be covered. Consideration of other routines such as mealtimes babies sleeping times. All main resources within your setting`s as play areas, equipment storage areas, book corner. A observation area for you to identify the child`s needs. Short term. A weekly plan of plans, observational findings and activities to be carried out. Making reference to the child`s interest .The particular piece of equipment or resource that may be needed the area or amount of room required, health and safety issues that may arise. Ensure you have made arrangements for all the different age groups, and children with disabilities and special educational needs. A good outline of the different types of planning. Long term planning will provide an overview of topics and themes practitioner will cover for children in their care however long term planning will not identify which interest children will have so any planning should be flexible to be able to adapt at last minute if required. Spontaneous activity is one of the most effective learning experiences. Weather is a very strong interesting subject for the children i.e. rain , snow, winds and sunshine many points of interest can be made from the weather many activities can be made use of, Rain, flooding control of water what rain stops you doing, Snow, melting snow building objects snowball fights to began. Wind, power of wind, moving objects leaves trees people movement, flags, sun, heat outdoor activities. The Main difference between formative and summative assessments methods is primarily the time scale involved in each of the assessment types. Formative Assessment is the process of obtaining factual information. Based on firsthand knowledge, gathered by the practitioner whilst spending time with the child, observing the habits and routines of the child. The Sources of information can range from photographs, videos or even conversations with the child’s parents as this can highlight things that otherwise could be missed as behaviour at home can be very different for some children. The process of assessing what young children know and can do poses particular challenges for young learners. Assessing children is often â€Å"unreliable,† as young children’s performance is not necessarily consistent over even short periods of time. Contextual influences and emotional states can affect how they perform on assessments. Moreover, young children develop at vastly different rates and their developmental and learning patterns can be episodic, uneven, and rapid. Understanding what children know is important for tea chers, since children’s new knowledge builds on prior knowledge. Given these factors, teachers’ use of formative assessment to inform instruction is an essential piece of effective pedagogy. Formative assessment is much more than repeated assessment measures over time. Formative assessment is a process, which includes a feedback loop to assist children in closing the gap between current status and desired outcomes, milestones, or goals. It informs and supports instruction while learning is taking place, by having children receive feedback from the instructor. It also includes multiple sources of evidence gathered over time. The formative assessment process is not a single event or measurement but rather an ongoing planned and intentional practice to evaluate learning with teaching. Formative assessments yield descriptive data—not necessarily judgments. It often takes the form of observational protocol using evidence collection as a means to examine children’s cognitive processes. Formative assessment may be defined in different ways in state regulations and interpretations. The definition best captures the essence of formative assessment for the purposes of this brief focused on young children. It is defined as, â€Å"a process used by carers for children during instruction periods that provide feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning, to improve children’s achievement of intended instructional outcomes.† Summative Assessment is almost a conclusion of your collective knowledge gained from doing your Formative assessment’s, this is obviously an assessment that is done over a longer period of time as all the prerequisite Formative assessments need to be completed. This knowledge gives the practitioner the ability to make an educated verdict on the achievements of the child. The EYFS Profile is the summative assessment used to review children’s progress along the early learning goals. Summative assessment also employs a variety of tools and methods for obtaining information about what has been learned. In this way, summative assessment provides information at the early year’s levels. Defining characteristics of effective summative assessment include a clear alignment between assessment and instruction, as well as the use of assessments that are both valid and reliable. When objectives are clearly specified and connected to instruction, summative assessment provides i nformation about a children’s achievement of specific learning objectives. Individual Learning Programmes can be formed from using these particular assessments, these assessments should also, supports and endeavour to comply with the ethos devised through â€Å"Every Child Matters†. Conclusion I can conclude that it’s a vital part of the process between carer/care organisation’s to stringently follow the observation assessment and planning cycle as this can effectively show any pitfalls in the learning and development process of the children. With formative and summative being the most useful and statutory assessments in situ, the only problem I find, is they can be restrictive or to slow in fully identifying issues and vital time can be lost to the carer/ organisation and the child. Flexibility by that carer/organisation is crucial to the learning development of the children and individual learning programmes can be a good guideline to promote the weaknesses and turn them into strengths through focused sessions which should be reviewed as frequently as possible to ensure the child’s learning does not become static and too focused on any one particular set of problems or issues, learning the child’s strengths through the formative and summative methods can genuinely help create Individual learning programmes tailored to the child allowing you to improve their weaknesses through their strength i.e. a young person learns through music quicker than reading so using song’s to remember the alphabet (using strength to overcome a weakness) this is the main focus of correctly using the above mentioned methods and adhering to the observation, assessment and planning cycle. Reference www.barniesdaynurseries.com, http://ceelo.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ceelo_policy_report_formative_assessment.pdf, Department of Education (2013): Improving the functionality and range of education and childcare from birth to 5 years, www.gov.uk/government/ Updated 1st Sep 2014 Accessed 27th Oct 2014 http://www.education.com/reference/article/formative-and-summative-assessment/ Every child matters 8th September 2003 (from HM Treasury – www.gov.uk/government/uploads (Presented to parliament by the chief secretary to the treasury by command of her majesty September 2003) Observation, Assessment and planning cycle Statutory framework for the early years foundation stage DFE 2014 Ref united nations (1989)convention on the rights of the child, united nations, network Childeminding and Ofsted effective practice: observation, planning

Culture in Piano and Drums by Gabriel Okara Essay -- Culture Symbolism

Culture in Piano and Drums by Gabriel Okara In the poem â€Å"Piano and Drums† the poet Gabriel Okara depicts and contrasts two different cultures through symbolism of pianos and drums. The Poem is divided into four stanzas. The first two stanzas represent the â€Å"drum† culture and the second two stanzas show the â€Å"piano† culture. The description of the drums is in two stanzas, but is one sentence long. The first line of the first stanza: ‘When at break of day at a riverside’ Uses trochees to emphasize the deliberate broken rhythm. The stanza has savage words, â€Å"bleeding flesh,† â€Å"urgent raw,† â€Å"leopard snarling,† â€Å"spears poised,† to show that this is a primitive culture, one which has dependency on the environment, as is represented by the â€Å"hunters crouch with spears poised.† The environment in this culture is physically dangerous, surrounded by wild animals. Drums here are a way of communication, and â€Å"jungle drums telegraphing the mystic rhythm, urgent, raw†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows the way of life in this culture. This is life which is simple, near the beginnings of man. The stanza uses alliteration, consonances and similes to give a rhythm that is like that of a drum. Threatening imagery is also used to give the image of danger and show physical hazards. The first stanza mainly describes the way of life and sets the scene. It shows how the drums are associated with the jungle and a primitive way of life. In the second stanza the persona says how when he hears the drums, he goes back to his youth, â€Å"my blood ripples, turns torrent, topples the years...† reminiscent of his childhood to when things were simpler and carefree, â€Å"in my mother’s lap a suckling.† The repetition of the ‘t’ sound in â€Å"turns, torrent and top... ...† shows how he is lost between the two societies- between his background and upbringing and what he is aspired to be. â€Å"Wandering in the mystic rhythm of jungle drums and the concerto.† The poem follows a logical format with each stanza beginning with â€Å"When, And, Then and And.† The connotations of each instrument contrast with one another, with Drums illustrating primitive behaviour, and a savage, dangerous culture. The connotations of the piano are complex and technical. The piano uses significantly different word sounds, showing that it is learnt, westernized and intricate compared to the drums which is instinctive and naturally acquired, and simple. The poem uses no set rhyme pattern which suits the poem as it has an undecided effect, emphasizing the confusion of the persona over his future. There is some iambic use as well as the use of trochees.

Engine powered by liquid hydrogen

Wide Range of Flammability:In comparing with all other fuels, Hydrogen has a really broad scope of flammability. Hence, Hydrogen can be combusted in an internal burning engine over a broad scope of fuel-air mixtures. One of the important advantages of this is that Hydrogen fuel can run a really thin mixture. A thin mixture is one in which the sum of fuel is less than the theoretical, stoichiometric or chemically ideal sum needed for burning with a given sum of air. This is why it is reasonably easy to acquire an engine to get down on H. In general, fuel economic system is greater and the burning reaction is more complete when a vehicle is run on a thin mixture. Besides, the concluding burning temperature is lower hence cut downing the sum of pollutants, such as N oxides, emitted in the fumes. However, there is a bound to how thin the engine can be run, as thin operation can significantly cut down the power end product due to a decrease in the volumetric heating value of the air/fuel mixtureLow Ignition Energy:Ignition energy is the energy needed to light a fuel. Hydrogen has really low ignition energy. The sum of energy needed to light H is about one order of magnitude less than that required for gasolene. The feature of low Ignition energy enables hydrogen engines to light thin mixtures and besides ensures prompt ignition. Unfortunately, the low ignition energy besides carries the hazard that hot gases and hot musca volitanss on the cylinder can function as beginnings of ignition and hence making jobs such as premature ignition and flashback. Preventing the above mentioned jobs is one of the jobs associated with runing an engine on H. The broad flammability scope of H agencies that about any mixture can be ignited by a hot topographic point.Small Quenching Distance:Hydrogen has a little extinction distance, even smaller than that of gasolene. Hence, it ‘s more hard to slake a H fire than a gasolene fire. The inclination for blowback additions as a consequence of smaller extinction distance, since the fire from a hydrogen-air mixture more readily passes a about closed consumption valve, than a hydrocarbon-air fire.High Auto-Ignition Temperature:Hydrogen has a comparatively high auto-ignition temperature. This characteristic is of import because the hydrogen-air mixture has to be compressed and the refore plays an of import function in finding the compaction ratio that an engine can utilize, since the temperature rise during compaction is related to the compaction ratio. The temperature should non transcend the auto-ignition temperature, as this would do a premature ignition. Hence, the absolute concluding temperature controls the compaction ratio. The high car ignition temperature of H allows larger compaction ratios to be used in a H engine than in a hydrocarbon engine. On the other manus, H is hard to light in a compaction ignition or Diesel constellation, because the temperatures needed for those types of ignition are comparatively high.High Flame SpeedHydrogen has high fire velocity at stoichiometric ratios. Under these conditions, the H fire velocity is about an order of magnitude higher ( faster ) than that of gasolene. This means that H engines can more closely approach the thermodynamically ideal engine rhythm. At leaner mixtures, nevertheless, the fire speed decreases significantly.High DiffusivityHydrogen has really high diffusivity. This ability to scatter in air is well greater than gasolene and is advantageous for two chief grounds. Fir st, it facilitates the formation of a unvarying mixture of fuel and air. Second, if a H leak develops, the H disperses quickly. Therefore, insecure conditions can either be avoided or minimized.Low DensityHydrogen has really low denseness. This consequences in two jobs when used in an internal burning engine. First, a really big volume is necessary to hive away adequate H to give a vehicle an equal drive scope. Second, the energy denseness of a hydrogen-air mixture, and therefore the power end product, is reduced.Fuel Delivery SystemsHydrogen fuel bringing system can be broken down into three chief types:Cardinal injection ( or â€Å"carburetted† )Port injectionDirect injectionCentral and port fuel bringing systems injection forms the fuel-air mixture during the intake shot. In the instance of cardinal injection or a carburetor, the injection is at the recess of the air intake manifold. In the instance of port injection, it is injected at the recess port. Direct cylinder inje ction is more technologically sophisticated and involves organizing the fuel-air mixture inside the burning cylinder after the air consumption valve has closed.Cardinal Injection or Carburetted Systems:The simplest method of presenting fuel to a H engine is by manner of a carburetor or cardinal injection system. This system has advantages for a H engine. First, cardinal injection does non necessitate the H supply force per unit area to be every bit high as for other methods. Second, cardinal injection or carburetors are used on gasolene engines, doing it easy to change over a standard gasolene engine to hydrogen or a gasoline/hydrogen engine. The disadvantage of cardinal injection is that it is more susceptible to irregular burning due to pre-ignition and back fire. The greater sum of hydrogen/air mixture within the consumption manifold compounds the effects of pre-ignition.Port Injection SystemsThe port injection fuel bringing system injects fuel straight into the consumption manifold at each consumption port, instead than pulling fuel in at a cardinal point. Typically, the H is injected into the manifold after the beginning of the consumption shot. At this point conditions are much less terrible and the chance for premature ignition is reduced. In port injection, the air is injected individually at the beginning of the consumption shot to thin the hot residuary gases and cool any hot musca volitanss. Since less gas ( H or air ) is in the manifold at any one clip, any pre-ignition is less terrible. The recess supply force per unit area for port injection tends to be higher than for carburetted or cardinal injection syste ms, but less than for direct injection systems. The changeless volume injection ( CVI ) system uses a mechanical cam-operated device to clip the injection of the H to each cylinder. The CVI block is shown on the far right of the exposure with four fuel lines go outing on left side of the block ( one fuel line for each cylinder ) . The electronic fuel injection ( EFI ) system meters the H to each cylinder. This system uses single electronic fuel injectors ( solenoid valves ) for each cylinder and pumped to a common fuel rail located down the Centre of the consumption manifold. Whereas the CVI system uses changeless injection timing and variable fuel rail force per unit area, the EFI system uses variable injection timing and changeless fuel rail force per unit area.Direct Injection SystemsMore sophisticated H engines use direct injection into the burning cylinder during the compaction shot. In direct injection, the consumption valve is closed when the fuel is injected, wholly avoiding premature ignition during the intake shot. Consequently the engine can non backlash into the consumption manifold. The power end product of a direct injected H engine is 20 % more than for a gasolene engine and 42 % more than a H engine utilizing a carburetor. While direct injection solves the job of pre-ignition in the consumption manifold, it does non needfully forestall pre ignition within the burning chamber. In add-on, due to the reduced commixture clip of the air and fuel in a direct injection engine, the air/fuel mixture can be non-homogenous. Surveies have suggested this can take to higher NOx emanations than the non-direct injection systems. Direct injection systems require a higher fuel rail force per unit area than the other.Thermal DilutionPre-ignition conditions can be curbed utilizing thermic dilution techniques such as fumes gas recirculation ( EGR ) or H2O injection. As the name implies, an EGR system re-circulates a part of the fumes gases back into the consumption manifold. The debut of exhaust gases helps to cut down the temperature of hot musca volitanss, cut downing the possibility of pre-ignition. Additionally, re-circulating fumes gases cut down the peak burning temperature, which reduces NOx emanations. Typically a 25 to 30 % recirculation of fumes gas is effectual in extinguishing blo wback. On the other manus, the power end product of the engine is reduced when utilizing EGR. The presence of exhaust gases reduces the sum of fuel mixture that can be drawn into the burning chamber. Another technique for thermally thining the fuel mixture is the injection of H2O. Injecting H2O into the H watercourse prior to blending with air has produced better consequences than shooting it into the hydrogen-air mixture within the consumption manifold. A possible job with this type of system is that H2O can acquire assorted with the oil, so care must be taken to guarantee that seals do non leak.Engine DesignThe most effectual agencies of commanding pre-ignition and knock is to re-design the engine for H usage, specifically the burning chamber and the chilling system. A discoid burning chamber ( with a level Piston and chamber ceiling ) can be used to cut down turbulency within the chamber. The disc form helps bring forth low radial and digressive speed constituents and does non magnify recess whirl during compaction. Since unburned hydrocarbons are non a concern in H engines, a big bore-to-stroke ratio can be used with this engine. To suit the wider scope of fire velocities tha t occur over a greater scope of equality ratios, two flicker stoppers are needed. The chilling system must be designed to supply unvarying flow to all locations that need chilling. Extra steps to diminish the chance of pre ignition are the usage of two little exhaust valves as opposed to a individual big one, and the development of an effectual scavenging system, that is, a agency of displacing exhaust gas from the burning chamber with fresh air.Ignition SystemsDue to hydrogen ‘s low ignition energy bound, lighting H is easy and gasoline ignition systems can be used. At really thin air/fuel ratios ( 130:1 to 180:1 ) the fire speed is reduced well and the usage of a double flicker stopper system is preferred. Ignition systems that use a waste flicker system should non be used for H engines. These systems energize the flicker each clip the Piston is at top dead Centre whether or non the Piston is on the compaction stroke or on its exhaust shot. For gasolene engines, waste flicke r systems work good and are less expensive than other systems. For H engines, the waste flickers are a beginning of pre-ignition. Spark stopper for a H engine should hold a cold evaluation and have non-platinum tips. A cold-rated stopper is one that transfers heat from the stopper tip to the cylinder caput quicker than a hot-rated flicker stopper. This means the opportunities of the flicker stopper tip lighting the air/fuel charge is reduced. Hot rated spark stoppers are designed to keep a certain sum of heat so that C sedimentations do non roll up. Since H does non incorporate C, hot-rated flicker stoppers do non function a utile map. Platinum-tip flicker stopper should besides be avoided since Pt is a accelerator, doing H to oxidise with air.Crankcase Ventilation:Crankcase airing is even more of import for H engines than for gasolene engines. As with gasolene engines, un-burnt fuel can ooze by the Piston rings and enter the crankcase. Since H has a lower energy ignition bound than gasolene, any un-burnt H come ining the crankcase has a greater opportunity of lighting. Hydrogen should be prevented from roll uping through airing. Ignition within the crankcase can be merely a startling noise or consequence in engine fire. When H ignites within the crankcase, a sudden force per unit area rise occurs. To alleviate this force per unit area, a force per unit area alleviation valve must be installed on the valve screen. Exhaust gases can besides ooze by the Piston rings into the crankcase. Since H fumes is H2O vapor, H2O can distill in the crankcase when proper airing is non provided. The commixture of H2O into the crankcase oil reduces its lubrication ability, ensuing in a higher grade of engine wear.Emissions:The burning of H with O green goodss H2O as its lone merchandise: 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O The burning of H with air nevertheless can besides bring forth oxides of N ( NOx ) : H2 + O2 + N2 = H2O + N2 + NOx The oxides of N are created due to the high temperatures generated within the burning chamber during burning. This high temperature causes some of the N in the air to unite with the O in the air. The sum of NOx formed depends on:The air/fuel ratioThe engine compaction ratioThe engine velocityThe ignition timingWhether thermic dilution is utilisedIn add-on to oxides of N, hints of C monoxide and C dioxide can be present in the fumes gas, due to ooze oil combustion in the burning chamber. Depending on the status of the engine ( combustion of oil ) and the operating scheme used ( a rich versus thin air/fuel ratio ) , a H engine can bring forth from about zero emanations ( every bit low as a few ppm ) to high NOx and important C monoxide emanations. Power End product: The theoretical maximal power end product from a H engine depends on the air/fuel ratio and fuel injection method used. As mentioned in above, the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio for H is 34:1. At this air/fuel ratio, H will displace 29 % of the burning chamber go forthing merely 71 % for the air. As a consequence, the energy content of this mixture will be less than it would be if the fuel were gasolene ( since gasolene is a liquid, it merely occupies a really little volume of the burning chamber, and therefore allows more air to enter ) . Since both the carburetted and larboard injection methods mix the fuel and air prior to it come ining the burning chamber, these systems limit the maximal theoretical power gettable to about 85 % of that of gasolene engines. For direct injection systems, which mix the fuel with the air after the consumption valve has closed ( and therefore the burning chamber has 100 % air ) , the maximal end product of the engine can be about 15 % higher than that for gasolene engines. Therefore, depending on how the fuel is metered, the maximal end product for a H engine can be either 15 % higher or 15 % less than that of gasolene if a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio is used. However, at a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio, the burning temperature is really high and as a consequence it will organize a big sum of N oxides ( NOx ) , which is a criteria pollutant. Since one of the grounds for utilizing H is low exhaust emanations, H engines are non usually designed to run at a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. Typically hydrogen engines are designed to utilize approximately twice every bit much air as theoretically required for complete burning. At this air/fuel ratio, the formation of NOx is reduced to near nothing. Unfortunately, this besides reduces the power end product to about half that of a likewise sized gasolene engine. To do up for the power loss, H engines are normally larger than gasolene engines, and/or are equipped with turbochargers or superchargers.Hydrogen Gas Mixtures:Hydrogen can be used well in internal burning engines as an linear to a hydrocarbon fuel. Hydrogen is most normally assorted with high force per unit area natural gas for this intent since both gases can be stored in the same armored combat vehicle. If H is blended with other fuels, it normally has to be stored individually and assorted in the gaseous province instantly before ignition. In general, it is impractical to utilize H in concurrence with other fuels that besides require bulky storage systems, such as propane. Gaseous H can non be stored in the same vas as a liquid fuel. Hydrogen ‘s low denseness will do it to stay on top of the liquid and non blend. Furthermore, liquid fuels are stored at comparatively low force per unit areas so that really small H could be added to the vas. Liquid H can non be stored in the same vas as other fuels. Hydrogen ‘s low boiling point will stop dead other fuels ensuing in fuel â€Å"ice† . Hydrogen can be used in concurrence with compact liquid fuels such as gasolene, intoxicant or Diesel provided each are stored individually. In these applications, the fuel armored combat vehicles can be formed to suit into fresh infinites on the vehicle. Existing vehicles of this type tend to run utilizing one fuel or the other but non both at the same clip. One advantage of this scheme is that the vehicle can go on to run if H is unavailable. Hydrogen can non be used straight in a Diesel ( or â€Å"compression ignition† ) engine since H ‘s car ignition temperature is excessively high ( this is besides true of natural gas ) . Therefore, diesel engines must be outfitted with spark stoppers or utilize a little sum of Diesel fuel to light the gas ( known as pilot ignition ) . Although pilot ignition techniques have been developed for usage with natural gas, no 1 is presently making this with H. One commercially available gas mixture known as Hythane contains 20 % H and 80 % natural gas. At this ratio, no alterations are required to a natural gas engine, and surveies have shown that emanations are reduced by more than 20 % . Mixtures of more than 20 % H with natural gas can cut down emanations further but some engine alterations are required. Thin operation of any internal burning engine is advantageous in footings of oxides of nitrogen emanations and fuel economic system. For hydrocarbon engines, thin operation besides leads to take down emanations of C monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. As more O is available than required to burn the fuel, the extra O oxidizes more C monoxide into C dioxide, a less harmful emanation. The extra O besides helps to finish the burning, diminishing the sum of unburned hydrocarbons. As with H, the drawback of thin operation with hydrocarbon fuels is a decreased power end product. Thin operation of hydrocarbon engines has extra drawbacks. Thin mixtures are difficult to light, despite the mixture being above the LFL of the fuel. This consequence in dud, which increases unburned hydrocarbon emanations, reduces public presentation and wastes fuel. Another disadvantage is the decreased transition efficiency of 3-way catalytic convertors, ensuing in more harmful emanations. To some extent, blending H with other hydrocarbon fuels reduces all of these drawbacks. Hydrogen ‘s low ignition energy bound and high firing velocity makes the hydrogen/hydrocarbon mixture easier to light, cut downing dud and thereby bettering emanations, public presentation and fuel economic system. Sing power end product, H augments the mixture ‘s energy denseness at thin mixtures by increasing the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, and thereby improves torsion at wide-open throttle conditions.Current Status:A few car makers have been making some work in the development of hydrogen-powered vehicles ( Ford has late announced that they have developed a â€Å"production ready† hydrogen-powered vehicle utilizing an ICE and BMW has completed a universe circuit exposing a twelve or so hydrogen-powered 750i vehicles ) . However, it is non likely that any hydrogen-powered vehicles will be available to the populace until there is an equal re-fuelling substructure and trained tech nicians to mend and keep these vehicles. Like current gasoline-powered vehicles, the design of each H powered vehicle will most likely vary from maker to maker and theoretical account to pattern. One theoretical account may be simple in design and operation, for illustration, a thin combustion fuel metering scheme utilizing no emanation control systems such as EGR, catalytic convertor, evaporate fuel case shot, etc. Another theoretical account may be really sophisticated in design and operation, for illustration, utilizing an EGR fuel metering scheme with a catalytic convertor, multiple flicker stoppers, etc. Until such clip that a H substructure exists, hydrogen/natural gas fuel blends provide a logical passage to to the full hydrogen-powered vehicles. These vehicles can run on either fuel, depending on handiness

German Verb Conjugations of Essen (To Eat)