Marketing Environment Forces

Marketing Environment Forces Introduction Marketing environment is a term used to refer to the forces outside of marketing which have an influence on the marketing manager’s ability to create and maintain a healthy relationship with the customers he is targeting. In other words, these forces affect the demand and supply of goods and services. In this write up, focus is given on three marketing forces namely economic, competitive and socio-cultural forces.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Environment Forces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic forces These refer to prosperity, recession, depression and recovery life cycles and how they affect the consumption of a product. In any circumstance, what determines whether the consumer will use that product is whether he has the ability to purchase it. This makes economic factors key determinants or a key environmental force and the most fundamental force affecting marketing of a co mmodity. Factors like employment, rate of inflation, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies also fall under this category even though they are intricately intertwined and they eventually affect the business’ marketing activities by determining the amount of demand for the firm’s products (Franke, Hofstede Bond, 1991). How can the marketer use economic odds to his advantage? Depending on how all the economic factors are addressed by the firm, they can be either an opportunity or a threat to the firm. For instance, discount stores and fast food points do better in a down economy as opposed to a vibrant and strong economy where people search for healthier foods. Organizations will therefore need to review how economic conditions will impact on their businesses and respond appropriately. A successful marketer has to anticipate and visualize these economic factors and use them to his advantage. The focus is to get the maximum benefits at the minimum costs possible. O ften in such circumstances as downturns and recessions, there will be high unemployment, low purchasing power, and therefore low demand for products. The strategic marketer can plan to offer more value for the same or lower price than the competitor. He can increase advertising and utilize technology in cost reduction (Porter, 2008). The marketer will become a resource by providing information and tools which are needed by the prospects. Competitive forces Before looking at the competitive forces themselves, it is important to understand the competitive structures. They include monopoly where there is only one marketer in the market place, oligopoly where there are few marketers- say three or four, perfect competition where competitors are of equal strength and equal access to market, and eventually monopolistic competition where there are many marketers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The monopolistic competition is the most common and marketers have to work to ensure that consumers choose their commodities and not those of their competitors (Lee, 1966). Michael E. Porter classified the forces into five categories, namely the intensity of competitive rivalry, the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitute products and the bargaining power of customers (Porter, 1979). The intensity of rivalry is caused by a large number of firms competing for the same customers and resources, slow market growth that causes firms to fight for the market share, high fixed costs that cause the firms to produce at near capacity and high storage costs or high perishability that cause the producer to sell as soon as possible. Low switching cost where the customer can very easily switch, and low levels of product differentiation usually have the same impact on the marketing. If the strategic stakes are high, they intensify rivalry. When there are high exit ba rriers, it is another way of saying that the firm must stay and compete. The diversity of rivals where it is very difficult to predict the behavior of rivals can mean that any time rivalry can intensify. Other factors on rivalry are level of advertising expense, competitive strategy of each and competition between online and also offline firms (Porter, 2008). Porter’s second category is threat of substitutes. In this, reference is being given to products in other industries. Price elasticity is determined by substitute products. For instance, in the tire industry for cars, pricing may be constrained by the presence of retreads because they are substitutes. There is therefore competition arising from substitutes as opposed to rivals. In simple terms the buyer’s propensity to switch to alternatives is an important consideration. It can be influenced by switching costs, product differentiation, number of substitutes available and relative price performance of the substitu te (Porter, 2008). Another force is the buyer power. Here the buyer is the reference and the one who determines the prices. For instance economists talk of monopsony when there are many sellers but only one buyer. In such a case, the buyer is the one who sets the price. Other issues affecting the buyer are buyer sensitivity to price, switching cost, information availability, degree of dependency on the current channels of distribution and buyer volume.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Environment Forces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supplier power is another competitive force. A supplier is said to be powerful when he can influence the producing industry. Suppliers are powerful when it is difficult for producers to switch suppliers and are weak when there are many competitive suppliers. Threat of new entrants as a competitive force comes in especially when there are no barriers to entry in an industry. I t is not very common especially if there are several well established firms. Other than presence of powerful firms other barriers to entry are government regulation, patents and proprietary knowledge and economies of scale. How can marketers help in facing such forces? When the firm is faced with some or all of these forces, the marketer can take both external and internal measures to jockey for a more favorable position. One of the things he/she can do is to understand the company’s strengths and weaknesses. The company can choose to influence the balance before they negatively affect it. A company can devise a strategy that takes the offensive. This posture is designed to do more than merely cope with the forces themselves; it is meant to alter their causes instead. The company can also exploit the changes in the industry through staking out a position that is less vulnerable to attack from head-to-head opponents, whether established or new, and less vulnerable to erosion f rom the direction of buyers, suppliers, and substitute goods (John Steven, 1983). This it can do through solidifying good relationships with good customers through marketing and establishing technological leadership so as to be on the advantage of new changes. Social-cultural forces These are societal factors that impact on any marketing aspect, either making it easier or challenging. They could relate to language, family, reference groups, roles and status, values and attitudes, religion, morals, education, prioritizing of wants current social trends and many more. All these affect the preferences, perceptions and behavior. For instance, a company that focuses on exercise equipment and low calorie foods when there is a trend of weight loss is likely to sell more. Language for instance will influence the way an advertisement is perceived.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some checklist questions a marketer can ask himself on the social cultural factors are: What is the dominant religion? How does the language of the customers influence the diffusion of the products? How much time do consumers create for leisure? What is the opinion and attitudes towards my type of product and also the company (Adler Mortimer, 1981)? These questions among many others will help a marketer know what issues to address, especially on the advertisement part. Advertisements are meant to create or change an impression among potential buyers. The marketer will therefore align his marketing strategies towards creating a lasting favorable impression among his potential clientele. For instance on religion, the marketing department can promote products that show regard to the religious beliefs like banks that offer Sharia products for Muslims. Most firms try as much as they can to have products that will sell more to the bigger section of the society in regard to any social fac tor since it is difficult to offer a product that satisfies everybody. The marketer should therefore be able to evaluate the quarters that will generate maximum revenue. When the marketing department works hand in hand with the production and other departments, they can create a product that gains favor among consumers while the marketing department creates brand loyalty through product promotion. The firm can take advantage of the socio-cultural factors in creating brand loyalty (Franke, Hofstede Bond, 1991). Conclusion Marketers should perform a SWOT analysis to be able to understand their companies in terms of their abilities and weaknesses first before hitting the market for campaigns. In spite of all the unfavorable forces that are present in their business arena, they should struggle to use the forces to their advantage. However, before entering a market they should also conduct a PEST (political, economic, socio-cultural and technological) survey so that they understand the market and operate in a market they are sure to have less difficulties. References Adler, T. and Mortimer, J. (1981). Six great ideas. Journal of Marketing Management, 23, 12-17. Franke, R. H., Hofstede, G. and Bond M. H. (1991). Cultural roots of economic performance: A research note. Strategic Management Journal, 12, 165-173. John, R. H. and Steven, M. S. (1983). The indicators of a friendly market: Marketing Science, 2(4), 319-360 Lee, J. A. (1966). Cultural analysis in overseas operations. Harvard Business Review, 44(2), 106 114. Porter, M. E. (1979). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 14, 3-15. Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard business Review, 35, 45-66.

All About Ivory and How Its Use Endangers Elephants

All About Ivory and How Its Use Endangers Elephants Ivory is the natural raw material that makes up mammal tusks and teeth. Traditionally, the term only refers to elephant tusks, but the chemical structure of teeth and tusks of mammals such as hippos, warthogs, and whales is identical to that of elephants, and so ivory can refer to any mammals tooth or tusk that is large enough to be sculpted or scrimshawed.  Ã‚   Key Takeaways Ivory is a natural substance formed in the teeth and tusks of mammals.It has been carved and used as decorative objects for 40,000 years or more.Modern trade in ivory has pushed the cost up over $1,000 per kilogram.Ivory demand has devastated elephant populations around the world. Elephant and ivory tusk comes from the two modified incisors of living and extinct members of the Proboscidea family: Asian and African elephants and extinct mammoth from Alaska and Siberia (where preservation is possible). Other mammals with large enough teeth to be carvable include marine mammals like narwhals, walruses, and sperm and killer whales, as well as their evolutionary relatives, warthogs and hippopotami.   Elephant Ivory Close up of African savanna elephant ((Loxodonta africana) tusks. Martin Harvey / Gallo Images / Getty Images Elephant tusks are extremely large teeth which project out beyond the lips. Tusks are made up of a root and the tusk itself, and they have the same physical structures that teeth do: pulp cavity, dentine, cementum, and enamel. Elephant enamel wears off when the elephant is still quite young, and the main component of tusks (about 95 percent) is dentine, a mineralized connective tissue.   The elephant uses the tusks for defense and offense, for digging access to waterholes, lifting objects, gathering food, stripping bark, and protecting their trunks. Elephant tusks can grow up to 12 feet (3.5 meters) in length. Baby elephants have a deciduous precursor that they lose before the permanent tooth grows in. The size and shape of a tusk are related to the animals diet, and, barring trauma, tusks grow throughout the animals life. Like human teeth, the tusk carries a stable isotope record of the animals birthplace, diet, growth, behavior, and life history.   What is Ivory Used For? Lion sculpture in the world-famous Vogelherd-cave near Heidenheim; location: Vogelherdhà ¶hle near Stetten, Heidenheim, Germany; age: ca 33.000 years; era: Paleolithic; material: mammoth ivory; size: 9,2 cm;. Walter Geiersperger / Getty Images Mammoth ivory is among the oldest material used for making decorative objects and tools, with its first use documented 40,000 years ago during the European Upper Paleolithic. It is highly prized because it warms to the touch, varies in color from white to yellow, is easily carved and etched, and has an odd visual effect known as Schreger lines or angles, a unique pattern of cross-hatching that is in reality rows of microscopic tubes.   Tooth and tusk ivories have been carved into a nearly infinite number of shapes and objects: small statuary and button-like netsukes, flatware handles and furniture inlay, piano keys, combs, gaming pieces, and plaques. When a tusk is carved but still retains its overall form, thats called a scrimshaw, which was a traditional pastime of sailors on long-term voyages.   The Price of Ivory In 2014, the wholesale price for ivory was $2,100 per kilogram, but by 2017 it had fallen to $730, largely because of a new Chinese ban. The other cost of ivory is in elephants. Over the past decades, thousands of elephants have been ruthlessly slaughtered, to the point that both Asian and African elephants are listed on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Estimates for the elephant population in the world at the end of the 19th century were in the millions. According to the last Great Elephant Census taken in 2015, there were 352,271 African savanna elephants living in 18 different countries, down 30 percent since 2007. Those numbers account for about 93 percent of all the savanna elephants in the world. The current rate of elephant population decline is 8 percent per year or about ∠¼40,000 elephants. The tusks from a single elephant could be worth more than US $100,000.   Cost of Poaching Park Rangers at Mikumi National Park in Tanzania stand beside a bull elephant killed by poachers. Tom Stoddart / Getty Images The reason the price per kilogram of ivory dropped so steeply is in part because China ended its legal trade in ivory on December 31, 2017. Before the ban, the country had many state-licensed ivory carving factories and retail shops: evidence indicates that legal trade has ceased. However, illicit trade continues, and specific country-sanctioned legal trade continues in other places. In the fall of 2018, evidence of continued poaching of elephants was found in several parts of Africa.   Elephant poaching is conducted by helicopters, military grade weaponry, and poisoned pumpkins; dozens of wildlife rangers have been killed trying to protect the animals. Tusks are gathered from the killed elephants and exported illegally by African gangs and corrupt officials.   What Can You Do to Help? Many organizations including the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services hold regular crushes, where confiscated ivory objects are destroyed to remove them from the market. Ivory Crush in Rome, Italy 2015. Stefano Montesi/Corbis via Getty Images The first thing you can do is not buy ivory. Although antique ivory (older than 1947) is legal to purchase, buying it still increases the market for fake antiques made on the tusks of newly killed animals, so at the least, make sure what youre buying is indeed antique. Better not to buy it at all.   There are several good charities, like the World Wildlife Foundation, Save the Elephants (African Wildlife Foundation), and the Elephant Sanctuary, which are effectively moving to protect elephants and pushing states to ban and criminalize ivory manufacture and trade. You could join them and donate money or volunteer labor, you could campaign and lobby for the elephants, you could help raise funds and sponsor the care of the animals.   The British newspaper The Guardian has an extensive list of ways you can get involved, called What can I do to help elephants? Sources Espinoza, Edgard O., and Mary-Jacque Mann. Identification Guide for Ivory and Ivory Substitutes. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund, 1992. Print. Online version at FWS.Fisher, Daniel C. Paleobiology of Pleistocene Proboscideans. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46.1 (2018): 229-60. Print.Gettleman, Jeffrey. Elephants Get a Reprieve as Price of Ivory Falls. The New York Times March 29, 2017. Print.Roca, Alfred L., et al. Elephant Natural History: A Genomic Perspective. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 3.1 (2015): 139-67. Print.Vigne, Lucy, and Esmond Martin. Decline in the Legal Ivory Trade in China in Anticipation of a Ban. Nairobi, Kenya: Save the Elephants, 2017. Print.What Can I Do to Help Elephants? The Guardian. February 13, 2017. Web.What Is the Impact of Chinas Ivory Ban? World Wildlife Foundation 2018. Web.Wittemyer, George, et al. Illegal Killing for Ivory Drives Global Decline in African Elephants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.36 (201 4): 13117-21. Print.

Protection of Fundamental Rights in EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Protection of Fundamental Rights in EU - Essay Example In most of the European countries, these rights have already been there. Some of the erstwhile communist countries naturally did not have many civil liberties, but with the fall of Communism in Europe, these rights have been restored. What made the European union fundamental rights unique was that the rights are equal to all, disregarding the race, colour, ethnicity and nationality. The political leanings of the countries too did not matter any more. These rights have come as a gift to many of these countries, which have not seen much of fundamental rights for a long time. It also has given an additional dignity to the European Union and its citizens, an identity of their own, a distinguished existence. "Conscious of its spiritual and moral heritage, the Union is founded on the indivisible, universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity; it is based on the principles of democracy and the rule of law. It places the individual at the heart of its activities, by establishing the citizenship of the Union and by creating an area of freedom, security and justice4". Human dignity, Right to life, Right to the integrity of the person, Prohibition of torture or inhuman treatment, Prohibition of slavery and forced labour, Right to Liberty and Security, respect for private and family life, protection of personal data, right to marry and right to found a family, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression and information, freedom of assembly and of association, freedom of the arts and sciences, right to education are just to name a few. European countries always had fundamental rights and liberties5; only they had never taken a consistent form of a group or a union. Fundamental rights have really empowered the European union citizens and to see that, there is no other better place than European Court of Justice where the citizens vociferously fight for these new rights that have become theirs now. With this, EU has tried to wipe out centuries of inner struggles, bitter wars and unending conflicts. It has also tried to wipe out the racial discrimination, and elimination like that of Jews. It is a great step in human rights, where all citizens were awarded the same enshrined rights without any prejudice or favour. There is no doubt that European Union is rather obsessed about these rights and the Court of Justice attaches tremendous importance to them. There are various reasons for this obsession. European Union is not a body with an authority; this means, it does not have a divine, inherited right to be there, like a monarchy. As it does not belong to any particular country, it also does not have a chosen right, or a right of authority. European Union itself is a created institution, created for future safeguarding of European countries, as a last resort to save Europe from inner bickering that had not only led to many wars, but two all consuming World Wars, bringing countries all over the world into its orbit. It had also witnessed an extremely bloody French Revolution, an equally unpleasant Russian revolution that led into communism and a considerable number of Eastern European countries

I will upload the directions for this paper Research

I will upload the directions for this - Research Paper Example Melba, a teenage girl, is among the few black students selected to commence the integration of schools in adherence to the court order. The process of integration is challenging since most white people are opposed to the process. The resistance ends with the intervention of the National Guard, which enforces the Supreme Court order. Critical review of the book Initial events The initial event, which triggers the subsequent events, is a Supreme Court ruling. In Brown vs. Board of education, the court ruled that it was unlawful to for to segregate students on a racial basis. Accordingly, the state ought to begin an integration program, which will ensure that the school contain students of both races1. Initially, the book discloses the miraculous recovery of Melba who was at the verge of death owing to the negligence of a white nurse. Melba was born in a segregated society. However, she manages to overcome all hurdles that the discriminatory society puts in her ways beginning from her b irth during a Pearl Harbour day to her early adult hood. Melba struggles against her aggressors reveals a non-violent opposition towards segregation in the American society. The white majority segregated the black community was a fact that Melba came to learn later in life. A white man repeatedly harassed Melba’s mother since his father could not protect him. ... Segregation denied young black students a chance a proper education2. Resistance at the Little Rock school Violence erupted in this town as the white persecuted the minority community. This culminated in a dilemma among the black people. Owing to the loss of lives and jobs among the black people, many wondered if it was worthwhile to champion for the integration of schools. A considerable proportion of the black people opposed resistance against the status quo in the education sector. Despite the majority of the Caucasian people opposing the integration, a few helped the black students who took part in the integration process. This reveals that there were people in both communities who wanted a peaceful resolution to the above problem. Blacks opposed to the resistance to the status quo in the education were regarded as traitors. Conversely, white people who sympathised with the treatment of black people were also traitors in their community. White children attended schools that had g ood facilities while their counterparts attended schools with dilapidated facilities. Melba’s personal tribulations Melba’s actions to fights segregation had various implications on her life. He was against her decision to attend a white school since they would receive threats or risk attacks by their oppressors. Melba’s stand resulted in numerous conflicts in her family as they were exposed to attacks and constant threats. Despite her father’s opposition to her decision, her grandmother and mother seem to fully back her well aware of the dangers they will encounter. In one of the incidences, Melba and her mother receive assistance from white people who help

Polar Bear Essay Example for Free

Polar Bear Essay The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a bear native largely within the Arctic circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the worlds largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak bear, which is approximately the same size. [3] An adult male weighs around 350-680 kg (770-1 ,500 while an adult female is about half that size. Although it is closely related to the brown bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrow ecological niche, with many body characteristics adapted for cold emperatures, for moving across snow, ice, and open water, and for hunting the seals which make up most of its diet. [5] Although most polar bears are born on land, they spend most of their time at sea (hence their scientific name meaning maritime bear) and can hunt consistently only from sea ice, so spend much of the year on the frozen sea. The polar bear is classified as a vulnerable species, with 8 of the 19 polar bear subpopulations in decline. 6] For decades, unrestricted hunting[clarification eeded] raised international concern for the future of the species; populations have rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect. [citation needed] For thousands of years, the polar bear has been a key fgure in the material, spiritual, and cultural life of Arctic indigenous peoples, and the hunting of polar bears remains important in their cultures. The IIJCN now lists global warming as the most significant threat to the polar bear, primarily because the melting of its sea ice habitat reduces its ability to find sufficient food. The II-JCN states, If climatic trends continue polar bears may become extirpated from most of their range within 100 years. [7] The polar bear was listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act by the United States Department of the Interior in 2008. Habitat The polar bear is often regarded as a marine mammal because it spends many months of the year at sea. [28] Its preferred habitat is the annual sea ice covering the waters over the continental shelf and the Arctic inter-island archipelagos. These areas, known as the Arctic ring of life, have high biological productivity in comparison to the deep waters of the high The polar bear tends to frequent areas where sea ice meets water, such as polynyas and leads (temporary stretches of open water in Arctic ice), to hunt the seals that make up most of its diet. [30] Polar bears are therefore found primarily along the perimeter of the polar ice pack, rather than in the Polar Basin close to the North Pole where the density of seals is low. 1] Annual ice contains areas of water that appear and disappear throughout the year as the weather changes. Seals migrate in response to these changes, and polar bears must follow their prey. [29] In Hudson Bay, James Bay, and some other areas, the ice melts completely each summer (an event often referred to as ice-floe breakup), forcing polar bears to go onto land and wait through the months until the next freeze-up. [29] In the Chukchi and Beaufort seas, polar bears retreat each summer to the ice further north that remains frozen year-round.

Popular Music Under Seige :: essays research papers

POPULAR MUSIC UNDER SIEGE Beginning in the 1980s, religious fundamentalists and some parents' groups have waged a persistent campaign to limit the variety of cultural messages available to American youth by attacking the content of some of the music industry's creative products. These attacks have taken numerous forms, including a call by the Parents' Music Resource Center (PMRC) for the labeling of recordings whose themes or imagery relate to sexuality, violence, drug or alcohol use, suicide or the "occult," and prosecutions of record companies and storeowners for producing or selling albums that contain controversial songs. After years of pressure from the PMRC and a series of Senate hearings in 1985, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) introduced, in 1990, a uniform labeling system using the logo, "Parental Advisory - Explicit Lyrics." The RIAA initiated this system without providing record companies with any standards, criteria or guidelines for determining what albums should be labeled. That decision is left completely up to the companies, which have chosen to label only selected rock and rap albums and not recordings of country music, opera or musical comedy that may also contain controversial material. Dissatisfied with the RIAA's labels, many would-be censors have demanded even more limits on the sale of music with controversial lyrics. As a result, legislators have introduced bills in more than 20 states in recent years that would require warning labels far more detailed than the RIAA's. Some proposed laws would go beyond mandatory labeling and actually ban the sale to minors of music deemed to be objectionable. Until 1992, none of this legislation had passed, although in 1991 a bill in Louisiana failed by only one vote. In 1992, however, the state of Washington passed a law that required storeowners to place "adults only" labels on recordings a judge had found to be "erotic"; the law also criminalized the sale of any labeled CD or tape to a person under age 18. Fortunately, the law was never enforced because a few months after passage a state court declared it unconstitutional. Even though Washington's "erotic music" law failed, the battle over proposals to label or otherwise restrict certain music sales will probably continue. The groups and individuals who have been attacking popular music want to impose their personal moral and political standards on the rest of us. The American Civil Liberties Union is working hard to prevent the achievement of that goal, which would imperil the First Amendment rights of musicians, and of all Americans, to create, perform and hear music of our own choosing.

Negotiating Ethics

Some people believe that it is essential to behave ethically when negotiating; I am apart of this belief. I believe that negotiating ethically will make things easier. It will make the process a win – win for both parties. If both parties are being ethical and honest when negotiating the buyer will be satisfied and the seller will as well. The truth of the matter is no one really expects their opponent to be honest .That being said, no one really goes in a negotiating situating expecting to be ethical. Everyone goes in to this situation with guards up and tactics ready. Although I believe that ethics should be essential when negotiating, I also go in expectant of the opposite. I would love to negotiate with ethics and be honest and fair, but the majority of people are not willing to take this approach so I do not either in most cases.It is hard to be ethical and honest when it comes to negotiating. Not everyone shares the same opinion and views about this issue. Some people fe el as though there is no such thing as ethics in negotiating. These type of people go by the motto â€Å"let the best man win†. With the knowledge that not everyone feels the same, no one really negotiates ethically. The person who decides to be ethical will lose against the person who is not being ethical. If they negotiated against each other, the non ethical person will be sly and slick and do whatever possible to persuade a win. The ethical person will try negotiating with honesty and integrity but if he does not get on the same level as the other party, he will come out unsatisfied. When negotiating, it is important for both parties to be on the same page. Before you go into a situation of bargaining it would be smart to know who you are negotiating against. Knowing the tactics and style of your opponent will give you a leg up. Investigating the style of negotiating your opponent exudes will let you know what tactics to use. If your opponent is interested in ethical negotiating, you should be also. On the other hand, if your opponent is unethical then you should switch up your methods and play their game. Everybody wants to win and come out happy when negotiating. This is not impossible to achieve by any means. If everyone negotiated with ethics then it would be easy but as long as the negotiators are on the same page, a great conclusion should be met.I think that many things have changed with the times. I can imagine that back in the day things were a lot different. I can envision businessmen negotiating ethically. I can imagine businessmen negotiating a conclu sion that both parties would be happy with. I imagine those shaking hands and making a great deal and win – win situation. The times of using ethics and honesty are far and few between so to speak. With new tactics and new expressions, people are in it to win it. In these times, instead of looking out for your neighbor, you look out for yourself. With that being said, when negotiating now days, it is definitely a game of winner takes all, or may the best man win. Even though I believe that negotiating with ethics is the best way to go, there may be some situations that warrant the opposite of my beliefs. There is always an exception to the rule. Aside from being on the same page of your opponent, there may be situations that call for an aggressive manner in negotiating. If a professional is negotiating a law or against a law or the state, when a position of disparity or other unfair circumstances are prevalent, I think that negotiating ethically should be out the window. When it is a situation where there is an unfair position or an unfair advantage on an opposing side than the under dog should negotiate using no holds barred. The negotiating arty in this type of situation should go all in and try their hardest to win as much as possible. These type of extreme situations are the only ones I think that being ethical is not relevant. The fact of the matter is, different people have different views when it comes to negotiating. Some do believe in being ethical and they hold to that standard when practicing the art of negotiating. Others are on the opposite side of the scope, and they believe that the best negotiator should take it home. When negotiating, whether ethically or not, you should always play to your opponent’s standard. I think that in it self is being ethical. If your opponent is someone who is doing things honestly and ethically, then you should return the courtesy and do the same. On the other hand, if you are dealing with someone who is in it to win it, you should play their game and try to be in it to win it as well.

Macbeth and Richard Nixon Essay

The tragic hero is an exceptional being capable of greatness. He often sets himself up as equal to superior to the cosmic powers, or at least he seems himself as an extraordinary man. This hero has a flaw. The hero falls from a high place of stature and pride. The tragic hero is in some way responsible for their fall and ultimately realizes their flaw too late before they are punished. Macbeth and Richard M. Nixon are tragic hero’s for these reasons. Macbeth is a tragic hero because he is capable of greatness he was born into a wealth family. Macbeth is the thane of Glamis and is a good general. King Duncan rewarded him for be so loyal to Scotland and for being brave in the battle against Norway and gave him the title thane of Cawdor. Richard Nixon is also tragic hero in some ways he is different from Macbeth and in other ways, he is the same as Macbeth. Richard Nixon unlike Macbeth was not born in to a wealthy family Richard Nixon is the son of a grocer, he was born on 9th January 1913. His father owned a small lemon farm in Yorba Linda, California. A good student, Nixon graduated from Whittier College in 1934. Macbeth has a weakness his ambition the witches and his wife Lady Macbeth control him by exploiting his ambition to be king. Macbeth has ambition to be king but at the same time, they brought his ambition to be king out his more. Lady Macbeth uses his ambition to get him to kill King Duncan. Similar to Macbeth Nixon’s weakness is his ambition to be president. Nixon’s ambition is the reason why he did all the things he did o become and to stay president such as cover ups ,phone taps. The three witches told Macbeth that he would be thane of Glamis, of Cawdor and he would be king. When two of the three predictions came, true Macbeth wanted to be king more. Lady Macbeth convinced Macbeth to kill King Duncan because he wanted the third prediction to come true. Macbeth killed King Duncan and became king. Macbeth became paranoid of someone taking the throne from him and kills people who were his friend, Mac duff family, servant, banqou, fleance. Lady Macbeth committed suicide due to the guilty of having murdered king Duncan. The lords abandon Macbeth and then Mac duff attacks with solider to take back the crown and give to Malcolm the true heir. Macbeth is behead and me his end. Richard Nixon and Macbeth are similar because they both made it to fame, high status, power, and the make a wrong decision. During his campaign for re-election, a break-in occurred on the night of June 17, 1972, as five burglars entered the Democratic National Committee offices inside the Watergate office building in Washington. This was just the start of problems for Nixon people suspected that he was connected but he denied it. Many questionable choices were made and cover-ups were found this all lead to his resignation of the presidency on Friday, August 9. Macbeth did not know if he should kill Duncan because two of the predictions came true on their own. When Macbeth goes to kill the king and is walking down the hallway, he has mixed feelings on what he should do then he sees a dagger going toward Duncan and deicide to do it. Macbeth thinks about what he is doing when he is standing over Duncan who is sleep but then murders him when he wakes up and sees the dagger. Both Macbeth and Nixon suffered had conflict. Richard Nixon suffered when ran and lost in many different elections. The conflict Richard Nixon had when he decided he was never going to run again in any election but then came back and ran for president. Macbeth’s nemesis is Mac duff because in the story, Macbeth has Mac duff’s entire family and their servant murdered . The murder of Mac duff’s family meant that Mac duff would want revenge. In the end Mac duff and Macbeth fight. During the fight, Macduff tells Macbeth that he was not of woman born, but rather â€Å"from his mother’s womb† (A5. S10. L15–16 Macbeth). The witches said that only someone who was not born by a woman can kill Macbeth and that is Mac duff who was taken from his mother’s womb not born by her. Although I would say Richard Nixon does not have a nemesis. Nixon did run unsuccessfully for the presidency in 1960, losing by a very close amount to John F. Kennedy. The tragic hero is an exceptional being capable of greatness. He often sets himself up as equal to superior to the cosmic powers, or at least he seems himself as an extraordinary man. This hero has a flaw. The hero falls from a high place of stature and pride. The tragic hero is in some way responsible for their fall and ultimately realizes their flaw too late before they are punished. That is why Macbeth and Richard M. Nixon are tragic hero’s.

Speech recognition technology essays

Speech recognition technology essays Good morning! I quickly open my eyes and look around to see who has the nerve to burst into my dorm room at 6:30 in the morning. Nobody there. Please wake up! I now remember that my computers new alarm clock was set to awake me for my early morning chemistry lab. As the current weather forecast is dictated to me in a female voice, I stagger over to my computer and tell it to be quiet. While I start the coffee machine, I ponder to myself if installing that speech technology program was worth it. Speech technology has emerged and advanced in the past five years. It ranges from microwaves that tell you when your food is finished, to computers that type and perform functions based on the users voice commands. The technology first did not catch on to public appeal because it did not work very well; however, this feature has been creeping into more and more consumer products as it has improved. I was first introduced to speech technology when I purchased my Samsung cellular phone about two years ago. The first feature I wanted to try out was the voice dial option. The phone was advertised to call the number of a person or place you speak into the phone. I anxiously navigated through the menus to set up the phone numbers that I would call simply by speaking my friends names. Please say the name, prompts the phone. I respond with Evan, and then it says Please enter the number. So I punch in the number. Subsequently, I carry out this process for my other phone numbers. It didnt take all that long and was quite user friendly. Now, whenever I flip open my phone I am greeted with Who would you like to call? All I have to do now is say the name of the person I want to talk to. At least that is what I had hoped. The voice dial option was a great new feature; however it didnt always work as expected and called the incorre...

Rules for Writing out Numbers

Rules for Writing out Numbers Why do so many people find it difficult to remember the rules for using numbers in formal writing? Probably because the rules seem a little fuzzy sometimes. So what can you do? Its no mystery: as with anything, read and study the rules several times, and it will all seem natural, eventually. Writing Numbers One through Ten Spell out numbers one through ten, as in this example: My little brother ate four apples before dinner and became ill.Why do parents always check to see if babies have ten toes? Writing Numbers Above Ten Spell out numbers above ten, unless writing the number would involve using more than two words. For example: I have sixty-three dead bugs in my collection.My cousin has 207 bugs in his.This site has given me a thousand helpful hints for my homework.My grandmother is seventy-two today.My little sister had about 4,763 measles on her face. Always Spell Out Numbers that Begin Sentences It would look odd to begin a sentence with a numeral. Four hundred fifty people attended the birthday party. However, you should try to avoid using long, clunky numbers at the beginning of a sentence. Instead of writing that four hundred and fifty people attended a party, you could re-write: There were 450 people at the party. Dates, Phone Numbers, and Time Use numbers for dates: My birthday is on March 16.He was born on Valentines Day, 1975. And use numbers for phone numbers: The phone number for the school is 800-555-6262The international code for England is 44. And use numbers for telling time if using a.m. or p.m.: The alarm will sound at 7 p.m.I make my bed at 7 a.m. each morning. But spell out times when using oclock or when the a.m. or p.m. are omitted: The alarm will sound at seven oclock.I make my bed at seven each morning.

On the Issue of Debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On the Issue of Debt - Essay Example This brief analysis will consider what this student believes to be the most pressing and important issue surround the seemingly ever-increasing levels of debt that both federal and state budgets are currently facing. Furthermore, as a function of this increase in overall debt, the negative externalities that such a change portends are vast and systemic. Whereas in previous times the degree and extent to which governments dealt with the issue of debt has always been a high concern for law-makers and citizens, the level and extent to which the current situation weights upon both the government decision makers and the electorate is unprecedented. As a result, the very nature of governance the degree to which this process encompasses nearly every aspect of society and the economy has only exponentially grown (Eichler 1216). For those that are concerned with the overall sovereignty and freedom of the society, this has naturally become a primal concern due to the fact that many nations are able to leverage the United States due to the level of its debt that they hold in the form of bonds and other financial mechanisms. Furthermore, as a function of these factors that have thus far been enumerated upon, this brief work will seek to elaborate upon some key mechanisms through which the problem itself can be lessened over time. The Simpson-Bowles committee put forward what many outside of the realm of politics would deem a fair approach to an infinitely complex issue. The mixed approach that this committee put forward hinged upon the need to make budget cuts, re-work the tax plan, secure Social Security, and reduce the size of the annual budget deficit. The reason that the plan was not latched on to by either political party is due to the fact that it required both an increase in tax revenue and a decrease in spending/budget cuts in order to make the goals that it defined (Croxson 103). These two mechanisms specifically are precisely what must be targeted for the federal (as well as state) budget deficits that currently exist to be minimized. As it is painfully clear, seeking to reduce and/or cancel budget deficits and debt in a relatively short period of time is beyond the realm of possibility. As a result of this, each political party and or leader wants to ignore the issue due to the fact that no political capital can ultimately be gained by seeking to fix an issue that they themselves nor their party will ever receive credit for; however, the larger issue is the fact that the debt crisis threatens the very sovereignty and vitality of the nation, its economy and society (Barth 98). The issue itself is not only a concern for future generations, although this is perhaps one of the greatest concerns that helps to define the size and scope of the problem. Rather, the issue weighs heavily on the way in which the government, both state, federal, and local, seek to provide key services to the communities which they serve. Rather than building more park s, maintaining infrastructure, and providing a litany of other adequate services, the government is forced to expend a large percentage of its annual budget (which itself is already over and above current tax receipts) to service the debt that currently exists. What this portends is a situation in which the government is borrowing money in order to pay the interest on the money that it is already borrowed. It does not take a degree in advanced economics to instantly realize that such a stance is untenable and cannot be long continued without the structure and legitimacy of the entire economic system falling into a state of collapse. As such, the current status quo with regards to debt level and spending is both untenable and unwise. One need look no further than examples of Greece and other nations to rapidly realize what maintaining a dangerously high percentage of debt to national GDP portends. Similarly, whereas the solution mechanism may be a shared sacrifice over a period of ma ny years, the

Relationships between learning disabilities and the impact of Dissertation

Relationships between learning disabilities and the impact of behavioral disorders on standard experiences - Dissertation Example Is it possible to make an economic case for the value of government intervention in this regard? There is considerable evidence that a lesser investment will reliably produce lesser results in terms of education. (Inman, 1986). The time to start educational assistance for those with special needs is in their youth. A variety of studies indicate a principle of diminishing returns for efforts made to educate any useful job skills fully formed adults both academically and for a specific vocation. (Furstenberg, 1987) those with physical disabilities may still prove to be intellectually quite proficient. They may even rely more upon intellect than physical activity, and may be able to develop their intellectual acumen even further than the general population. If given special needs support in early childhood. Even those with mental disabilities may still grow into productive citizens if the nonfunctional can be taught to function by trained, competent specialists committed to the outcome of special education. DISCUSSION In terms of educational policy; a vital research question becomes: Should Learning Disabled and Behavioral challenged students be excluded from classes with baseline students? The challenges for these children are numerous, there are many reasons why children experiencing learning disabilities might fail in school, far beyond merely the obvious. When a child perceives him or herself as being mentally deficient/learning disabled the potential for great insecurity develops. School in general may seem painful, an embarrassing waste of time and venue for potential bullying and the degradation of the students self-worth. It is a daunting obstacle; how to focus on learning, if you were such a student – labeled and ridiculed for what it seems you have no control over. Often times, measures used in the past to give these students focused attention; placing them in segregated units, or separate institutions all together unintentionally exacerbated the problem. It makes sense to give extra attention to the learning disabled; and one might logically conclude that this attention should take place within a place all their own. But this natural exclusionary tendency towards those with behavioral, or intellectual disabilities can become a disservice, as will be demonstrated later. The findings of several researchers demonstrate how behavioral problems will disrupt the already unfavorable prospects of the learning disabled. It is worthwhile to specify the definitions of learning disabilities. Although a precision diagnosis and prognosis may not be consistent, there are warning signs that signify disability: Difficulty in learning the alphabet Poor reading comprehension Frequent mistakes when reading aloud Spelling difficulty Inability to express thoughts by writing Late language acquisition Lack of comprehension of humor, or satire Mispronunciation Confusion with written numbers Confusion with the sequence of a story (Medinenet.com, 201 1) In essence, the typical tasks that are begun upon entrance to the public school system are those the learning disabled are most challenged by. A true disability must be diagnosed with care; in past generations, so-called intelligence tests might simply measure cultural references, biasing them against other ethnicities and cultures. (Dove, 1971) An